SAN DIEGO — CAISO expects new aggregated distributed energy resources to enter its markets this year, creating new technical and regulatory challenges as the grid operator works to integrate them without affecting reliability.
Industry officials discussed the development in detail at a July 17 panel at the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners Summer Policy Summit.
FERC in June 2016 conditionally approved CAISO’s proposed rules to allow aggregated resources to participate in the wholesale markets. (See CAISO Tariff Change Would Extend Market to DER.) Later in November, the commission also issued a separate Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (RM16-23, AD16-20) that would allow DER to participate in other wholesale electricity markets across the country.
AES energy storage facility | SDGE
CAISO is ironing out implementation policies so that DER aggregators can begin operating in its markets this year. DER aggregators can be generators, load-side participants, storage devices or a mixture, and they can also participate as scheduling coordinators that distribute CAISO dispatch instruction from their individual energy sources.
DER is dispatched without knowledge of the exact impact on grid operations, and the effect on the system is difficult to quantify because of many different interconnections and ways to connect, said Mark Esguerra, director of integrated grid planning for Pacific Gas and Electric. It also requires more coordination between the transmission and distribution system operators.
Visibility into DER behavior “is something we are trying to wrap our arms around,” Esguerra said, adding that DER “creates new operational challenges that we all have to consider here.”
Manal Yamout, vice president of policy and markets for Advanced Microgrid Solutions, said DER can provide a suite of services at the transmission and distribution levels. The company is developing 50 MW of DER with Southern California Edison, among other projects.
“This is happening now,” she said, saying the discussion around DER is often conceptual or forward-looking. “Even though this might seem far away … these projects are here, and in many ways, we are kind of breaking down the barriers as we go. … This isn’t just about California.”
DER is often discussed in the context of balancing intermittent renewables, but they can also provide capacity, ancillary services, resource adequacy to the utility and demand-side management to energy customers, Yamout said.
D.C. Public Service Commissioner Willie Phillips said he is often asked about the reliability impacts of DER and aggregation.
Esguerra said that reliability officials are looking at the integration of DERs, and that there is an ongoing shift from the central power station model.
“I think there is work that still needs to be done, in terms of certifications and standards,” if the grid is going to rely more on DER, Esguerra said.
So far, Apparent Energy, Galt Power, Olivine and San Diego Gas & Electric have applied to become DER providers in California, according to CAISO.
Congress last week rejected President Trump’s proposal for deep spending cuts at EPA and the Department of Energy.
On Thursday, the Senate Appropriations Committee voted 30-1 to approve $38.4 billion in funding for the department and water programs, a $4 billion increase over the administration’s proposal.
Left to right: Zinke, Pence, Trump, Perry and Pruitt
The Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy, which Trump had proposed eliminating, instead won $330 million, its highest ever. The department’s energy efficiency and renewable energy program received $1.94 billion; Trump would have slashed it to $740 million.
“This is an incredible demonstration of bipartisan support for energy-efficiency programs and for the value they deliver to American consumers and businesses,” said Kateri Callahan, president of The Alliance to Save Energy.
The Senate bill includes funding for an interim storage site for nuclear waste, but unlike the House of Representatives’ version, does not fund the restart of Yucca Mountain as a permanent repository.
The committee’s action came two days after the House Appropriations Committee voted 30-21 to approve a $31.4 billion funding bill for EPA, the Interior Department and other programs — $824 million less than current levels but $4.3 billion more than Trump had sought. EPA would see a $528 million cut, about 6.5%. Most Democrats opposed the bill.
On Wednesday, EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt said he agrees with a bipartisan House proposal to reject Trump’s plan to end spending on the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. The House would authorize $300 million in fiscal 2018, maintaining the project’s current funding.
Ozone, Cybersecurity, Hydropower Bills Advance
Meanwhile, the full House approved two bills last week changing the federal government’s permitting and siting policies for oil and natural gas pipelines and four bills on hydropower, energy security and EPA’s ozone standards:
The Promoting Cross-Border Energy Infrastructure Act (H.R. 2883) would eliminate the need for presidential approval for pipelines or electric transmission lines that cross a border with Canada or Mexico. It was cleared 254-175. It would end the State Department’s role in the process.
The Promoting Interagency Coordination for Review of Natural Gas Pipelines Act (H.R. 2910), approved 248-179, would make FERC the lead agency for approving interstate pipelines and require other agencies to conduct simultaneous reviews. Of the hundreds of pipelines FERC has reviewed in the last 30 years, it has only rejected two, the Center for Public Integrity and StateImpact Pennsylvania reported last week.
The Ozone Standards Implementation Act of 2017 (H.R. 806) would give states flexibility in implementing National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ground-level ozone. It passed 229-199. The National Parks Conservation Association opposed the bill, saying it would allow companies seeking air pollution permits to ignore new ground-level ozone (smog) health standards for 10 years.
The House voted 420-2 to amend the Federal Power Act to streamline the federal review of qualifying conduit hydropower facilities (H.R. 2786). The bill eliminates the 5-MW cap on such projects and revises the time frame for an entity to contest whether its hydroelectric facility meets the qualifying criteria.
Enhancing State Energy Security Planning and Emergency Preparedness Act of 2017 (H.R. 3050) would provide financial assistance to states for implementing and revising energy security plans. The state plans must include a risk assessment of energy infrastructure and cross-sector interdependencies, and address potential hazards to each energy sector or system, including physical and cyber threats. It passed by voice vote.
H.R. 2828 would extend the deadline for beginning construction of the Enloe hydroelectric project on the Similkameen River about 3.5 miles northwest of the City of Oroville, in north-central Washington. It passed by voice vote.
In other action, the House Energy and Commerce Committee’s Digital Commerce and Consumer Protection subcommittee approved bipartisan legislation on self-driving cars by voice vote. The bill allows automakers to deploy up to 100,000 self-driving vehicles without meeting existing auto safety standards and prevents states from imposing rules on them.
Upton to Join Bipartisan Climate Group?
The former chair of the committee, Rep. Fred Upton (R-Mich.), said he may join the bipartisan Climate Solutions Caucus. Upton, now chair of the Subcommittee on Energy, was among 46 Republicans who voted last week to support the designation of climate change as a national security threat in the National Defense Authorization Act.
While these were welcome developments for those concerned about climate change, they were tempered by news that Trump plans to nominate coal lobbyist and former Senate aide Andrew Wheeler as EPA deputy administrator.
And Joel Clement, until recently the director of the Office of Policy Analysis at the Interior Department, claimed in an op-ed in The Washington Post that he was reassigned to a job in an accounting office for talking about the effects of climate change on Alaska Native communities. Clement, one of dozens of senior department officials reassigned to positions where they had no background, filed a whistleblower complaint with the U.S. Office of the Special Counsel.
Also last week, congressional Republicans said they will attempt to change the Endangered Species Act by allowing regulators to use economic costs to deny listing a species as threatened.
At last week’s National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners Summer Policy Summit in San Diego, attendees were encouraged to download an app to facilitate in-person meetings. There’s just one problem: Were it subject to the privacy rules adopted by commissions in several states, the app would be in violation.
Murray
Privacy rules prevent electric and gas utilities from selling or disclosing personal information except under certain, carefully monitored circumstances. Customer protections, such as clear notices to users about what data are being collected, are absent from the app. This leads to an embarrassing double standard for some state regulators. While commissioners enjoy the conveniences provided by the “NARUC 2017” app, their own rules would outlaw similar practices in their home states.
For example, take California’s rules. In 2011, the Public Utilities Commission issued a lengthy privacy decision that requires software companies that access customer data held by a regulated utility to provide written privacy policies that are “meaningful, clear, accurate, specific and comprehensive.” But, confusingly, the app links to two privacy policies that are sometimes in conflict with one another. The policies also do not explain what personal information is captured by the user’s mobile device — a clear violation of California’s rules.
Another California requirement is for software companies to distinguish “primary purposes” from “secondary purposes” of the personal data used. A primary purpose could be “to help you save energy and money in your home with tailored recommendations on your smartphone,” while a secondary purpose could be, for example, selling the data to make extra money. Secondary uses are explicitly prohibited without the prior written consent of the customer. Unfortunately, NARUC 2017’s terms say vaguely, “We will collect and use of [sic] personal information solely with the objective of fulfilling those purposes specified by us and for other compatible purposes.” Thankfully, the app’s developer has an agreement with NARUC not to sell any users’ personal data, according to the company’s CEO. But if a complaint were filed in California against a similar app maker, the commission would likely find the software unlawful.
Other commission-approved rules require companies to make informational disclosures to consumers prior to releasing personal data. By standardizing disclosures, the idea is that companies are prevented from writing their own vague or misleading language that exploits customers. For instance, Pacific Gas and Electric’s form for demand response is four pages long, and deviations from the form are not allowed.
Outside of California, Colorado and Illinois regulators have approved standardized disclosure language. But the NARUC 2017 app does not ask for any specific authorization at all, and, when it does, the authorization language is fluid. Both of its policies say that the app maker “may revise these terms of use at any time without notice.” Changing terms without notifying users is anathema to privacy advocates and consumer groups who fought for rules that ban the practice.
Finally, California’s rules enshrined the principle of “data minimization,” the idea that only the personal data necessary for the task should be collected. Presumably, an app to help people at conferences meet face to face would need information like your name, title, organization, location and which sessions you want to attend. However, the NARUC 2017 app requires users to give it permission to much more, such as the right to read and modify any file stored on your device; to create new Bluetooth connections; and to control the phone’s networking settings — none of which are clearly tied to helping people meet at a conference.
It is ironic that many state commissions publicly take a “tough on privacy” stance that is at odds with their national association’s practices at its summer conference. But the double standard is not altogether surprising. Since the advent of smartphones, consumers have routinely traded their personal data for access to free services. Commission requirements for paper forms appear increasingly out of step with modern technology.
Over time, as sharing personal data such as banking transactions and health data with tech companies becomes easier, it is worth re-examining the utility industry’s practices. Is it reasonable to give away the data on your phone with a single click, while your utility bills require filling out a four-page legal form?
To be clear, the NARUC 2017 app would only violate commission rules if it accessed users’ energy information or customer account information held by utilities. Apps that do not request data from a utility operate without commission oversight.
Nevertheless, as leaders in the public sector, state commissioners and their national association should lead by example. Entrepreneurs in software and energy management have a saying: “Eat your own dog food.” It means that entrepreneurs should use their companies’ products in their personal lives, to live by their creed. We encourage NARUC to do so as well.
Michael Murray is president of Mission:data Coalition, a national coalition of more than 40 innovative technology companies that empower consumers with access to their own energy usage data. We strongly believe that energy management technologies can flourish while simultaneously protecting customer privacy. For more information about privacy and state private rules about energy, see our whitepaper, “Got Data?”
NYISO reported Monday that locational-based marginal prices (LBMPs) for June averaged $31.76/MWh, nearly unchanged from May but up 16% from June 2016. Year-to-date monthly LBMPs averaged $36.01/MWh through June, a 20% increase from a year earlier.
In a July 24 Market Operations Report to the ISO’s Business Issues Committee, Rana Mukerji, senior vice president for market structures, said natural gas and distillate prices fell from the previous month but gained 27.5% year-over-year. Natural gas prices at Transco Z6 NY averaged $2.35/MMBtu in June, down from $2.80 the previous month.
Gulf Coast jet kerosene for the month came in at $9.59/MMBtu, down from $10.47 in May, while ultra-low sulfur No. 2 diesel at NY Harbor was $10.14/MMBtu, compared with $10.82. Distillate prices dropped 5.4% from a year ago.
On Capacity Exchange, Probabilistic Method not Better
A new probabilistic method to limit capacity price increases caused by exports from an import-constrained area would complicate the process and offer results no better than the current deterministic method, according to an analysis conducted for NYISO by GE Energy Consulting.
Mukerji shared the analysis from the monthly Broader Regional Markets Report as the latest development arising from FERC’s January acceptance of the ISO’s capacity revisions while rejecting a proposed one-year transition as lacking an “analytical basis” (ER17-446). A NYISO analyst briefed stakeholders on the outlines of the study at the April Business Issues Committee meeting. (See NYISO Provides Update on Capacity Export Concerns.)
Probabilistic Locality Exchange Factor Analysis | GE Energy, NYISO
NYISO proposed the plan last fall to address anticipated price spikes in the capacity market in the Lower Hudson Valley and New York City zones expected after the commission in October allowed a New York plant in a constrained zone to export into ISO-NE. (See FERC Sides with ISO-NE in Capacity Dispute with NYISO.)
The new rules use a locality exchange factor to reflect how much capacity from “rest of state” can replace capacity exported from an import-constrained locality. The prior rules assumed that 100% of a generator’s exports from an import-constrained area must be replaced with generation in that locality.
“The probabilistic method introduces uncertainty and does not give results which differ significantly from the 47.8% found using the current deterministic method,” the analysis said. That figure represents an estimate of the percentage of exports from NYISO zones G-J to ISO-NE that could be expected to be replaced by “rest of state” capacity. NYISO compromised with an 80% figure.
Stakeholder comments on the methodology analysis were due by July 14. FERC in its January order encouraged a robust stakeholder-driven process but said “we cannot accept NYISO’s proposal for a one-year transition based solely on stakeholder support.”
SAN DIEGO — More than 1,000 people attended the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners’ Summer Policy Summit last week. Here’s some of what we heard.
Sunrun CEO Lynn Jurich said that the task for regulators and industry is to figure out what value distributed energy resources bring to the grid, and which business models and rate designs would work best. She said rooftop solar could be connected directly at the utility level to be dispatched when it is needed.
“Too often we are stuck fighting rate designs that appear to slow the growth of the rooftop solar,” Jurich said. “Let’s work together to actually maximize the value of these assets to the entire system.” Solar companies know how to market the technology to consumers, but utilities best know how to integrate the systems in the most efficient way, she said.
NuScale Power Vice President Jack Bailey said that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission is reviewing the company’s small modular reactor design, but it will take 46 months to approve the 12,000-page application. Oregon-based NuScale is the first small modular reactor company to seek approval of the technology. The company filed for approval of its design in January, an effort that took more than 800 people over two years. The 12 50-MW modules — 600 MW in total — are planned to be built on the site of the Idaho National Laboratory, owned by Utah Associated Municipal Power Systems and operated by Energy Northwest.
Asked what the reaction has been from the environmental community, Bailey said, “I would say it’s a mixed bag overall, but we are seeing some support.” He is also hopeful that the federal government will take steps to solve the problem of where to store spent nuclear fuel.
Katrina McMurrian of Nuclear Waste Strategy Coalition said she is hopeful the federal government will revisit the stalled Yucca Mountain nuclear waste disposal site in Nevada. The U.S. Nuclear Waste Fund contains more than $40 billion, accruing interest of $1.5 billion/year, but fee collection has stopped because of a suit brought by NARUC and others.
President Trump proposed to restart Yucca with $100 million in his budget proposal, and $10 million for an interim storage program to a private or federal facility while Yucca is completed.
The Senate last week approved funding for an interim storage site for nuclear waste, but unlike the House of Representatives, did not include money for restarting Yucca. “The hope is to see both sides put something together that they can conference and actually fund both of these priorities,” McMurrian said. Rep. John Shimkus (R-Ill.) has introduced legislation that would set a time limit for NRC to approve Yucca and allows the Energy Department to permit an interim facility while the facility is licensed.
Dipka Bhambhani, communications director of the United States Energy Association, said her group is working with the International Gas Union to support the 27th World Gas Conference in D.C. on June 25-29, 2018. It will be the first time in 30 years that the U.S. has hosted the triennial event, which has been held since 1931, and the first time that the host country is both the largest producer and consumer of natural gas, she told the NARUC Gas Committee. USEA is a liaison to the Energy Department for the conference and is helping to manage communications for the event.
Environmentalists last week urged FERC to decide whether states can control participation of energy efficiency resources (EERs) in RTOs, while state officials said the commission should take no action.
The group Advanced Energy Economy petitioned FERC on June 2 to issue a declaratory order ruling that it has “exclusive jurisdiction” under the Federal Power Act to regulate EER aggregators involved in wholesale markets (EL17-75). AEE further requested that FERC make clear that retail regulators, such as state public utility commissions, have no such authority unless FERC grants it to them.
The group — whose members include Johnson Controls, Landis+Gyr, Lockheed Martin and other technology companies — asked FERC to rule after PJM began a stakeholder process to examine how it allows EER aggregations to participate in its wholesale markets. The initiative also was to investigate the potential for creating an “opt out” mechanism for regulators like what PJM developed for demand response in response to Order 719.
PJM’s initiative began after the East Kentucky Power Cooperative discovered an aggregator was attempting to sell into the RTO’s markets EERs that originated in its distribution territory. EKPC requested a legal opinion from the state Public Service Commission, which responded and later provided a declaratory order denying aggregators the right to sell Kentucky EERs into PJM’s markets without receiving its blessing.
At the Kentucky commission’s request, PJM then proposed the stakeholder process, which received substantial discussion before being endorsed. Rick Drom, an attorney representing the still-unidentified aggregator in Kentucky, argued that the process was “a flawed solution seeking a problem,” while PJM’s Denise Foster defended the RTO’s actions as reasonable preparation to develop appropriate rules should a regulatory agency act. (See “EE Problem Statement Narrowly Approved,” PJM Market Implementation Committee Briefs.)
Stakeholders from around the country weighed in last week before the deadline on filing comments. PJM said it neither supports nor opposes the petition, but it asked FERC to clarify states’ role “relative to retail customers that participate, either directly or indirectly, as supply-side EERs in the PJM capacity market.”
The Sierra Club, the Natural Resources Defense Council, the Sustainable FERC Project and the Environmental Defense Fund filed in support of the request. They supported AEE’s argument that there is no “nexus” between aggregating the EER credits and impacts on retail electricity usage.
“Because the transaction creating the EER occurs at the level of the manufacturer or the distributor of the energy efficiency product, a retail regulator’s authority over retail customers is not implicated,” according to a joint filing from the environmental groups. “We urge FERC to issue a focused order that resolves the cloud of uncertainty hanging over the participation of wholesale EERs in PJM’s market, while carefully avoiding a broad determination of state-federal jurisdiction that would be unnecessary and detrimental to the flexibility inherent in the statute.”
It also asked FERC to “redirect” PJM’s stakeholder process, saying the RTO “wrongly predetermined the framing and outcome of the process to address concerns about retail interactions of EERs.”
The Organization of MISO States, the Kentucky PSC, Kentucky Attorney General Andy Beshear, the Illinois Municipal Electric Agency (IMEA), the American Public Power Association and the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association all filed in opposition to the petition.
The Kentucky parties, filing jointly, argued that the sales do “have a direct nexus with retail electric customers” and that EE aggregation pose a “significant, adverse impact” to load-serving entities in the state. Energy savings are not separate from sales because PJM defines EERs as a “continuous reduction” in consumption, they said.
“The Kentucky parties argue that such sales would solely benefit the EER provider to the detriment of the LSE’s retail ratepayers,” they said. “Absent a retail customer’s load reduction, there is no EER to participate in the PJM market. The fact that the EER bidder has no contract or agreement with the retail electric customer, who may not even know that it is participating in the PJM wholesale market, is irrelevant. If the retail electric customer’s load reduction is bid by an EER into the PJM market, that customer is indirectly participating in the wholesale market.”
Unknown aggregations would cost ratepayers money, they argued.
“Absent inclusion of the EERs in the resource assessment of a Kentucky utility, it will either over procure capacity, resulting in higher than necessary costs for retail customers, or have excess capacity that should have been sold to benefit retail customers. Thus, without participation through a tariff or special contract, EERs in Kentucky are being enriched by higher rates paid by the utility’s other retail customers,” they said.
IMEA asked FERC to reject the petition and let the PJM stakeholder process play out. It argued that allowing aggregators to pull out individual customers from LSEs can threaten their financial and resource planning while “allowing a customer that provides no benefits to the system or to Milltown’s [a fictional IMEA municipal member] other customers to access the revenue [streams] from PJM’s markets to the detriment of [the LSE’s] own system benefits and ratepayers.”
NRECA also said the petition was premature, as PJM hasn’t developed tariff language and Kentucky hasn’t taken any action to limit EER bids.
“Too many facts are unknown, and the scope of the declaratory relief being sought is ill-defined,” NRECA spokesperson Tracy Warren said. “And in no case should FERC revisit the basis for its 2008 order on DR bids, as the petition invites.”
OMS filed in support of using the same “opt out” process as developed for DR in Order 719. “Wholesale EERs present the same type of concerns that were raised during the robust process leading to the issuance of Order 719.”
The organization warned that allowing EE aggregator participation would impact utility planning and attainment of mandated efficiency targets.
“It’s worth noting that the single energy efficiency program type that AEE relies on throughout its petition, reducing product cost directly at a retailer/supplier, typically has a very high [benefit-to-cost] ratio and is often a centerpiece of utility energy efficiency programs. By allowing aggregators to sign up retailers and suppliers for purpose of generating wholesale EERs, those same retailers and suppliers are no longer available to utilities to implement their own programs. Furthermore, the utility may have assumed the availability of certain retailers to participate in a utility efficiency program,” OMS said.
DENVER — SPP announced Tuesday it will dissolve its Regional Entity (RE), ending the reliability oversight role that had been a source of concern at NERC and FERC.
The RE is responsible for auditing and enforcing NERC reliability rules for 120 registered entities in three balancing authorities: SPP, Southwestern Power Administration and parts of MISO.
SPP said it was acting, in part, because of the expansion of its RTO footprint, which no longer aligns with the RE’s territory. Since 2007, SPP’s RTO has expanded to 14 states while the RE is limited to the original eight: all or parts of Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas.
“Given that the footprints of the SPP RTO and SPP RE no longer align — due to our significant growth over the last decade and in light of further potential expansion opportunities to the west … SPP’s executives, Board of Directors and Members Committee have made the strategic decision to focus on our core functions of reliability coordination, wholesale market operations and transmission planning,” CEO Nick Brown said in a statement. “I believe this is in the long-term best interest of SPP and our members.”
SPP said NERC had agreed to terminate the delegation agreement that appointed SPP as an RE in 2007. On Sunday, the RTO’s board and Members Committee voted to give Brown authority to terminate the delegation agreement, a decision the SPP RE Trustees endorsed on Monday.
Pressure from NERC?
SPP said it will work with NERC and FERC on the transition, which is expected to be complete by the end of 2018.
SPP sources said the decision came under pressure from NERC, which wanted to end RTOs’ RE functions. Brown’s statement said the decision had come “with the support and encouragement of NERC.” NERC spokeswoman Kimberly Mielcarek told RTO Insider that NERC “supports this decision and will work with SPP to ensure a seamless transition.”
SPP’s dual role had also caused it problems with FERC, which criticized SPP in a 2008 audit for failing to ensure the RE’s independence from the RTO (PA08-2, AD09-3). The audit called for improved oversight from the RE Board of Trustees to prevent conflicts of interest.
At the time, the RE had a budget of $4.6 million, for 12.4 full-time-equivalent employees, but it only had five full-time employees, with the remaining staff performing functions for both the RTO and RE.
In response to the audit, SPP agreed to eliminate all reporting relationships between RE and RTO employees. The RE now has 24 employees and a budget of about $10.8 million.
“We are going to move on,” Brown said at Tuesday’s board and Members Committee meeting. “Each and every time we entered into [renewing NERC’s delegated agreement], the relatively small size of the RE footprint and the connection between the RTO, the RE itself and our corporate compliance business [was an issue]. It was clear to us the continued renewing of that agreement was in jeopardy.”
| NERC
When NERC first delegated compliance monitoring and enforcement authority to its REs, half of them were affiliated with registered entities, according to SPP, which said it is the only remaining organization to operate as both an RTO and RE. “When SPP dissolves the SPP RE, only one of the eight [Regional Entities] will remain affiliated with a registered entity, and no ISO/RTOs will perform RE functions,” SPP said.
Transition
Mielcarek said SPP will provide a transition plan to NERC for review.
“The 120 registered entities within the SPP footprint will be notified of the dissolution and given the opportunity to submit a written request to transfer to another Regional Entity. NERC will determine whether the transfer is appropriate based on various criteria, including geographic location, electrical boundaries and resources,” Mielcarek said.
All changes must be approved by NERC’s independent Board of Trustees, then filed with FERC for its approval. “The outcome of this intensive process will result in a more efficient and effective [Electric Reliability Organization] Enterprise and NERC looks forward to working with all affected parties,” Mielcarek said.
Brown said the transition will take time. “It’s not something that’s done overnight. A lot of coordination has to occur between the SPP RE and the audits we have underway.”
Brown said there will be “much debate in the Members Committee” about the transition to another RE, and that NERC will facilitate many of the meetings.
24 Employees Affected
The RTO said it was “committed to ensuring the continued employment” of the 24 RE employees. “There’s a lot of interest in those employees,” Brown said. “They’ve done exemplary work over the last decade and are noted as experts by a number of professional entities.”
Dave Hudson, president of Xcel Energy’s New Mexico and Texas operations, complimented the RE staff on behalf of the members: “They are very professional in a hyper-technical area, and we appreciate working with them. The world changes, but these people are very competent and have a bright future in front of them.”
Dave Christiano, chair of the RE Trustees, responded: “They’re highly educated and highly prepared. A lot of our people are certified, which isn’t generally the case with other REs. We’re working with the other REs and NERC to ensure a good future for our employees.”
Mountain West: No Impact
Mountain West Utilities map | Mountain West
SPP’s RTO footprint expanded first with the addition of the Nebraska entities in 2009 and the Integrated System in 2015. SPP is currently wooing the Mountain West Transmission Group — two investor-owned utilities; two municipal electricity providers; two generation and transmission cooperatives; and two federal power marketing administration projects covering most of Colorado and Wyoming, along with parts of Nebraska, New Mexico, Arizona and Montana — to join the RTO. Adding Mountain West would mean including in the RTO’s Tariff all the DC ties between the Eastern and Western Interconnections, except for one in Canada. (See SPP, Mountain West Members Get Acquainted.)
Mark Stutz, spokesperson for Xcel Energy’s Colorado utility, said the dissolution of the RE will not impact Mountain West’s decision on joining the SPP RTO. “It is really an issue more local to the area in which it is occurring. The function of the Regional Entity (RE) is essentially one of standards compliance and enforcement. In the MWTG footprint, that’s currently handled by the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC); if [a] regional transmission organization is formed in the Mountain West, this function still would be handled by WECC.”
[Editor’s Note: Editor-in-Chief Rich Heidorn Jr. participated in the 2008 audit of the SPP Regional Entity as a member of FERC’s Office of Enforcement.]
Here’s a shocker: even politicians feel the need to keep up with the Joneses.
A congressman from Ocean City, Md., successfully inserted language into a U.S. House appropriations bill on Tuesday to effectively force two wind turbine projects to move farther offshore from his district.
Why? Because he apparently noticed that a project sited off Virginia was much farther out.
Harris | State of Maryland
Rep. Andy Harris (R) got the amendment added to the 2018 appropriations bill for the U.S. Interior Department, EPA and other agencies. The amendment forbids any funds from being used to review wind projects that aren’t at least 24 nautical miles from the Maryland shoreline. The House Appropriations Committee voted 30-21 to send the bill to the House floor.
“They’ve got to put them further out, just like they’re doing in Virginia Beach,” Harris said during the hearing on the bill. “That’s all this does.”
Blinking Lights on the Horizon
Harris was referring to two projects approved in May by the Maryland Public Service Commission, which awarded offshore renewable energy credits to US Wind and Deepwater Wind’s Skipjack Offshore Energy. US Wind’s proposed 62-turbine, 248-MW project, to be built 12 to 15 nautical miles offshore at a cost of $1.375 billion, would begin operations in January 2020. Skipjack plans a 15-turbine, 120-MW, $720 million project 17 to 21 miles offshore that will be operational in November 2022. (See Md. PSC OKs 368 MW in Offshore Wind Projects.)
The PSC also considered visibility of the turbines from the shore, requiring US Wind to locate its project as far to the east of the designated wind energy area as practical. Commissioner Anthony O’Donnell also charged the developers with using the “best commercially available technology to lessen views of the wind turbines by beachgoers and residents, both during the day and at night.”
That’s not enough for Harris. The project off Virginia Beach announced earlier this month by Dominion Energy and DONG Energy will be sited 27 miles offshore. (See Dominion Plans 12-MW Offshore Wind Project, 2nd in US.)
“So, it’s not that the technology is not possible. It’s just … they want to save money. They want to bring it in close,” Harris said. “We want them to just site this out 24 nautical miles, or around the curvature of the earth.”
He accused the companies of not working with Ocean City officials and said that the turbines were initially planned to be shorter before the companies raised them. The only operational offshore wind project in the country is off Block Island in Rhode Island, but “this one is much, much larger,” Harris said.
His amendment would “either make them reduce the height a little bit or move them farther out so when you go to the ocean in Ocean City, Md., you’re not looking at red blinking lights on the horizon.”
‘It’s the Physics’
Rep. Ken Calvert (R-Calif.), the Interior Subcommittee chairman, supported the amendment but expressed concerns that it might have impacts beyond Harris’ local issue.
The subcommittee’s ranking member, Rep. Betty McCollum (D-Minn.), said the Congressional Budget Office estimated the amendment would cost the government $6 million in contract breaches and lost rental receipts — not including liabilities from economic losses — that will “most likely” be paid by EPA. She opposed the measure and pointed out that it interferes with the Maryland General Assembly’s action to incentivize offshore wind production. (See Maryland OKs Offshore Wind Bill.)
Harris’ amendment also removes $6 million in EPA funding for environmental programs and management.
Rep. Dutch Ruppersberger (D-Md.), whose Baltimore-area district neighbors Harris’, also opposed the measure. He said the PSC effort has been in development for 10 years, stands to create 5,000 jobs in his district and will raise $74 million in state tax revenue.
Ruppersberger’s district would gain additional benefits. The PSC order requires the developers to use Baltimore-area port facilities for construction, operations and maintenance, as well as to fund almost $40 million in upgrades at the Tradepoint Atlantic (formerly Sparrows Point) shipyard in Baltimore County and invest at least $76 million in a steel fabrication plant in the state.
Ruppersberger said he participated in the negotiations that got US Wind to move its project 17 miles offshore and was satisfied with a subsequent rendering of the view from the beach. However, US Wind’s website maintains the project it will be 12 miles offshore.
| US Wind
Rep. Marcy Kaptur (D-Ohio) called the amendment “precedent-setting” and said there are “more appropriate and technically precise ways to direct wind turbine placement” than by “advancing the site location through arbitrary and random legislative actions untethered to research or appropriate public review.”
She cited wind development in her region along the Great Lakes as an example and noted that the fastest-growing job category in that area is wind technician.
Harris countered that “there’s nothing arbitrary about this.”
“It’s the curvature of the earth. It’s the physics. It’s, ‘You will see these windmills unless they’re 27 miles out,’” he said, apparently forgetting that his amendment called for only a 24-mile setback. “This doesn’t kill the project, this delays it. … They’re halfway there.”
He cited a North Carolina State University survey in which 54% of respondents said they would be unwilling to stay wherever turbines are visible.
‘Underhanded’
Mike Tidwell, the executive director of the Chesapeake Climate Action Network, called the move “devious and underhanded” in a statement.
“Congressman Andy Harris is working to dismantle a yearslong, inclusive process to bring offshore wind to the shores of Maryland in a rider to a bill over which Marylanders will have no say,” he said. “Marylanders overwhelmingly want offshore wind because they know it would bring good jobs and boost the state’s clean energy economy.”
US Wind Director of Project Development Paul Rich told USA TODAY that the amendment would leave room for just one turbine.
“This is not helpful,” Rich said. “This stops a process before it’s even begun. It’s totally at odds with his constituency.”
Vermont regulators and utilities are working with ISO-NE to resolve transmission constraints in the northern part of the state, where the system has reached its capacity to accept additional generation.
At the center of the issue is the Sheffield-Highgate Export Interface (SHEI).
“While load levels [at the interface] vary within a tight band, generation can vary significantly because of the intermittency of wind and hydro generation resources. The other resources, including the Highgate HVDC converter, are relatively constant,” Vermont Electric Power Co. said during a presentation at a July 12 state planning meeting.
63-MW Kingdom Community Wind farm in Lowell, VT | Green Mountain Power
Frank Ettori, VELCO director of ISO-NE relations and power accounting, said the utility would invite the grid operator’s Planning Advisory Committee to a special Vermont System Planning Committee session to help remediate the constraint. Potential solutions include a sub-transmission upgrade, battery storage and installation of an automatic voltage regulator on a generator.
ISO-NE created the SHEI to monitor system flows in relation to system capacity in real time after Green Mountain Power and Vermont Electric Cooperative built the 63-MW Kingdom Community Wind plant in Lowell in 2012. Three utility-scale generation projects — Swanton Gas (40 MW), Sheffield Wind (40 MW) and Kingdom Community Wind (64.5 MW) — have interconnected in the northern portion of the Vermont transmission system, and the constraints prevent them from running at full capacity at all times.
| ISO-NE
VELCO hired a consultant to help determine the costs of various solutions, with the initial report due in late August and the economic evaluation by October.
Geographic Locational Value
The committee also heard about state policy implications and approaches from Ed McNamara, director of planning with the state’s Department of Public Service (DPS).
With distributed generation, in particular energy efficiency, there’s always been an assumption of a positive geographic locational value associated with energy efficiency and renewables, McNamara told RTO Insider.
“In a constrained area, the thinking had been that constraints are associated with too much load,” McNamara said. “Now when you have an export-constrained area, you would be thinking of a negative geographic locational value. That’s something that our policy has never contemplated.”
McNamara asked questions rather than proposing solutions: Should the Public Utility Commission be looking at generation projects that might not produce a net positive amount of new renewable generation in an area? Should we consider a different valuation in the area that has an export interface? On energy efficiency, should we look at changing the cost-effectiveness screening for northern Vermont compared to other areas?
Fast-Changing State
Vermont now meets more than 20% of its peak load through net metering — including from solar. More than 100 MW of new wind has come online over the past 10 years, all for a 1,000-MW transmission system, according to the DPS.
“Our system has changed considerably and we need to start keeping our policies up-to-date,” McNamara said. “What happens in an export-constrained area where essentially you have one renewable unit cannibalizing the generation output of another renewable unit?”
And while net metering might reduce the value of energy efficiency in particular areas, the DPS has equity concerns for all ratepayers.
“We don’t want to discourage and say to one ratepayer just because you live in this area you don’t have the same access to net metering and energy efficiency as the customer 50 miles south,” McNamara said. “This is where we, the Department of Public Service, still need to get our heads around this.”
SAN DIEGO — The digital economy is driving construction of a massive amount of data and storage infrastructure that has many implications for the electricity grid, industry participants and regulators said last week.
Data centers are seen by states as bringing economic development, but they also create electricity and water demand that requires attention from regulators. Utilities and municipalities are designing tariffs specifically for data centers, which require significant infrastructure development within a certain utility footprint, Illinois Commerce Commissioner John Rosales said at a July 17 panel of the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners’ Summer Policy Summit.
Rosales and others noted that the demand for data and storage infrastructure will only grow. “We are not putting down our smartphones or tablets anytime soon,” he said.
Commonwealth Edison Vice President Sheila Owens said that Northern Illinois houses 70 data centers with aggregate demand of more 200 MW, the largest 15 of which have annual demand growth of about 20% a year. She noted a dramatic statistic: 90% of the data ever created were generated in the past two years.
Data center
“Data centers are the manufacturers of the 21st century in our digital economy,” Owens said. She added that Chicago’s transportation access and colder climate benefit data center efficiency by reducing cooling costs.
Data centers have a high incentive to use energy and water efficiently, and many companies have sustainability offices that research siting concerns for them, Owens said. Legislation in Illinois has created incentives for using solar credits to commercial facilities. Data center operators tend to be interested in clean energy.
Former Florida Public Service Commissioner Eduardo Balbis said the number of data centers will increase in the U.S. as new technology, such as autonomous vehicles, is developed. He urged that state regulators partner with data center operators on energy-usage programs in order to attract the facilities.
States are now waiving taxes to account for data centers or adjusting rates, and regulators should give utilities flexibility to partner with data center operators, said Balbis, now managing director of Accenture Strategy.
