Page 469 – RTO Insider

May 9, 2022December 13, 2023

Cancel: Info Sharing Critical in Response to Russo-Ukraine Conflict

As Russian tanks and infantry massed on the border with Ukraine last year, U.S. government officials began reaching out to owners and operators of the nation’s critical infrastructure, including the electric grid.

Russia’s willingness to wage electronic warfare was well known, and any attack on Ukraine was sure to be accompanied by a cyber offensive that could easily spill across the borders and affect the country’s allies.

While nobody could be sure just what cyber capabilities Russia’s military had in reserve, the government’s hackers had attacked Ukraine’s power grid on multiple occasions; doing the same to the U.S. could cripple Russia’s strongest rival. Manny Cancel, CEO of the Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center (E-ISAC), told ERO Insider it took little effort for everyone to realize the shared vulnerability.

Manny Cancel, NERC | NERC

“One of the guiding principles that we all agreed to was sort of lowering the barrier for information-sharing on both sides of the fence, that the government needed to share information, and maybe declassify intelligence, as quickly as they could,” Cancel said. “And vice versa — it’s very important for the utility industry or the energy sector to share information back with the government to provide context [and] situational awareness.”

The result has been what Cancel called an “unprecedented level of engagement” between the government and private sector, both in the U.S. and Canada. Through both classified and unclassified briefings, as well as online alerts, public officials have made regular sharing of threat data a staple of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency’s Shields Up program; the E-ISAC has done its part by holding regular webinars open to the entire electric industry, not just its own members.

Cancel said a top priority has been including other critical infrastructure sectors, such as the telecommunications, finance and natural gas industries. This way all participants can benefit from each other’s work.

“The electricity sector has been operating with shields up for probably a decade — I can’t think of a day when we didn’t,” Cancel said. “But I still think the guidance was very relevant, just to sensitize people that this is really serious. We’ve got to up our game from a vigilance perspective [and] from an information-sharing perspective because that’s the only way we’re going to be able to protect and respond to a potential attack on critical infrastructure here in the United States.”

The response has also expanded beyond the U.S. and Canada, with officials in Europe reaching out to their counterparts in North America to discuss how to build a united front to the fighting in Ukraine. Cancel mentioned that NERC, the E-ISAC, and the U.S. Energy Association have had conversations with European regulators about their biannual GridEx security exercise, and how similar events could be staged in their countries.

However, he emphasized that while the E-ISAC actively works with European partners in “a number of forums,” U.S. officials are mindful that their role is collaborative rather than leading, and that every nation has its own challenges to deal with.

“There’s always an opportunity to share, not only … threat intelligence and information, but [also] risk mitigation activities and best practices,” Cancel said. “We do demonstrate a leadership role, but … our colleagues overseas … have some very robust risk mitigation programs and cyber programs.”

While Cancel praised the performance of the nation’s frontline cybersecurity defenders, he warned that utilities cannot let themselves become complacent. The current geopolitical tensions may have inspired the industry to its best efforts, but leaders must ensure their focus remains on proactive defense against any potential threats rather than returning to a compliance mentality.

“The minute you talk about standards, people generally — and I did this myself when I was at a utility — talk about, what do I need [in order] to comply, and what happens when I don’t comply?” Cancel said. “That conversation needs to change. I’m not saying you throw the compliance angle, [but] how can … industry and regulatory entities like NERC and FERC, and the rest of the federal government work to … better protect things.”

May 9, 2022June 14, 2023

Winter Storms Reduce Duke Energy’s Q1 Earnings

Higher operating costs tied to an increase in winter storms drove down Duke Energy’s first-quarter earnings despite an uptick in revenues from increased demand for both power and natural gas.

Duke on Monday reported first-quarter earnings of $1.08/share compared with first-quarter 2021 earnings of $1.25/share. Total revenues for the quarter were $7.1 billion, a 16% increase from $6.1 billion in the first three months of 2021.

The cost of coal ash cleanup in Indiana cost the company about $250 million. Severe winter storms in the Carolinas were the primary expense drivers. The storms alone reduced earnings per share by 7 cents, the company said.

Duke fielded crews of nearly 19,000 employees to restore power to more than 1 million customers after a series of winter storms, the highest number in eight years, swept through the region.

Duke Energy CEO Lynn Good | Duke Energy

CEO Lynn Good said despite the increase in expenses for storm restoration operations in the first quarter, the company is reaffirming its full-year earnings guidance range of $5.30 to $5.60/share, with a midpoint of $5.45.

“We’re also reaffirming our long-term EPS growth rate of 5 to 7% through 2026, at the midpoint of our original 2021 guidance range,” Good told analysts at the start of the company’s earnings call. “We’re monitoring economic trends and will take action if necessary as we continue to execute the important strategic work we have underway in the Carolinas, Indiana and Florida.”

Good said the company will file its long-term carbon-reduction emissions plan with the North Carolina Utilities Commission on May 16.

The plan, in accordance with legislation (H.B. 951) passed a year ago, will lay out how Duke will lower carbon emissions by 70% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels and achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. Once approved, the plan must be updated every two years.

“The plan will outline multiple portfolios to achieve the 70% carbon-reduction target, including proposals around timing of coal plant retirements and resource additions,” Good said.

“We expect substantial solar and battery additions, demand-side management and energy efficiency opportunities in every pathway. Onshore and offshore wind will be presented for consideration, as well as small modular nuclear reactors. Each portfolio has been rigorously tested for reliability and affordability for our customers.”

The company is planning to file a rate case in North Carolina, as permitted by H.B. 951.

Duke territories Map and Plans (Duke Energy) Content.jpg

Duke Energy provided investors with a summation of upcoming regulatory issues, including a long-term $7 billion “grid hardening” investment in Florida and up to 2,400 MW of new generation in Indiana. | Duke Energy

In Florida, Duke is committed to spending $7 billion over the next 10 years, including measures to harden the grid to resist storm damage.

And in Indiana, the company has proposed building 2,400 MW of new generation, including 1,100 MW of renewables and 1,300 MW of “dispatchable generation,” including new gas turbine power plants and batteries, before it can close its remaining coal plants.

May 9, 2022

CARB Top Exec Corey to Retire

The California Air Resources Board is searching for a new chief executive following the announcement that current Executive Officer Richard Corey will retire at the end of June.

Corey has worked for the agency for 37 years and served as executive officer since 2013. In that role, Corey oversees a staff of about 1,700 employees and an annual budget of more than $2 billion.

The executive officer is appointed by the CARB board. The agency issued a recruitment announcement for the position last week.

During a ceremonial presentation at the end of CARB’s April 28 board meeting, Chair Liane Randolph detailed Corey’s accomplishments.

Corey joined CARB after receiving a bachelor’s degree in environmental toxicology in 1984 from the University of California, Davis. He later received an MBA from the same university.

By 1997, Corey was grants chief in CARB’s research division

When CARB adopted first-in-the-nation limits on tailpipe greenhouse gas emissions in 2004, Corey “played a key role in developing, communicating and defending staff’s findings on the need to address climate change and the economic impacts of the regulation,” Randolph said. “This set the course for CARB’s further initiatives on climate change.”

Later, as stationary source division chief, Corey oversaw the adoption and implementation of the agency’s low-carbon fuel standard. And as a deputy executive officer, he supervised CARB’s first cap-and-trade auction.

He was named executive officer in 2013, succeeding James Goldstene.

Board members expressed appreciation to Corey for his work ethic, thorough knowledge of the agency’s work and his availability to the board.

“You’re herding cats all the time,” board member Hector De La Torre said. “It’s really hard to do.”

De La Torre, who served in the California Assembly from 2004 to 2010, called Corey’s work with the state legislature “tremendous.” The board never had to worry that there would be “blowback” from lawmakers over something the executive officer said.

“That’s really, really important … to know that we’re not going to mistakenly get into fights with the legislature,” De La Torre said. “Because that can happen. There’s egos over there.”

Although Corey’s retirement is effective June 30, the April 28 board meeting is expected to be the last he attends as executive officer.

In its recruitment announcement, the agency said the ideal candidate to replace Corey would be an air quality and climate expert with “a commitment to clean air for all Californians and a focus on priority communities that are overburdened by air pollution.”

Salary for the Sacramento-based position is listed at $17,349 to $18,850 per month. The application deadline is May 24.

More details are available here.

May 9, 2022November 29, 2023

New Mexico Adopts California Advanced Clean Cars Rules

New Mexico has become the latest state to adopt California’s Advanced Clean Cars regulation, which sets tailpipe emission standards and requires automakers to supply a certain percentage of zero-emission vehicles in the state each year.

The New Mexico Environmental Improvement Board (EIB) and the Albuquerque-Bernalillo County Air Quality Control Board (AQCB) each approved the rule on Thursday, at the end of a two-day joint hearing.

The rule will apply to new light- and medium-duty passenger cars and trucks starting with model year 2026.

The decision came after proponents told the boards that finding an EV to buy at New Mexico car dealerships was difficult, if not impossible.

“Automakers will prioritize electric vehicles to the jurisdictions that require them,” said Kathy Harris, a clean vehicles and fuels advocate with the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). “So having New Mexico adopt the Advanced Clean Cars standard will ensure that the types of clean vehicles that drivers want will be available to them.”

Tammy Fiebelkorn, an Albuquerque city councilor, said she drives an EV that she bought used. She said she bought the car out-of-state because she couldn’t find one in New Mexico.

Fiebelkorn said that when she went shopping for a new EV last year, she visited every car dealer in Albuquerque looking for one.

“There were none to be found,” she said. “Literally none.”

And when dealers were asked if they could order an EV, they either said “no” or that they couldn’t guarantee the car would be received in less than a year, Fiebelkorn said.

Growing List of States

New Mexico joins 17 other states that have adopted California’s Advanced Clean Cars regulation in whole or in part.

Under the federal Clean Air Act, states have an option to follow federal vehicle emission standards or to adopt California’s more ambitious standards.

California’s Advanced Clean Cars regulation has two parts. A low-emission vehicle (LEV) program sets tailpipe emission standards, while the zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) program requires automakers to supply a certain number of EVs each year.

Sixteen states have adopted the LEV and ZEV components, while Delaware and Pennsylvania adopted the LEV program only, according to NRDC. The 18 states combined account for more than 40% of the U.S. vehicle market, the group said.

The ZEV program uses a system of ZEV credits, which are based on factors including the type of EV provided for sale and its all-electric range. The 22% ZEV credit requirement will work out to about 7% of new cars delivered for sale, according to written testimony on the rule from Claudia Borchert, climate change policy coordinator in the New Mexico Environment Department.

The current rate of ZEV sales in New Mexico is about 1% to 2%, Borchert said. By comparison, ZEVs accounted for more than 12% of California light-duty vehicle sales last year, according to the California Energy Commission.

Automakers will be able to earn early action credits for delivering ZEVs to New Mexico starting with model year 2023. And to further smooth the way to the 22% credit requirement, car manufacturers may receive a one-time credit for model year 2027, based on their ZEV credit balance in California for model year 2025.

Borchert described the one-time credit as the same compromise that environmental advocates and auto manufacturers reached during the clean car rulemaking in Nevada last year. (See Nev. Adopts Clean Cars Rule, Allows Early Credits.)

Although some stakeholders oppose the one-time credit because it could reduce the number of ZEVs delivered for sale, “this concern must be balanced against the need to provide a smooth, feasible ramp for manufacturer compliance,” Borchert said.

Agency Coordination

Last week’s joint hearing included the Albuquerque-Bernalillo County Air Quality Control Board, as well as the state EIB, because the city of Albuquerque has jurisdiction over its own air quality regulations. The two entities worked together on the clean cars rulemaking process.

Both boards unanimously approved the regulation on Thursday.

EIB Vice Chair Amanda Trujillo Davis noted the “overwhelming support” for the rule expressed during the hearing. In response to concerns about the fate of the lithium-ion batteries used in EVs, Trujillo Davis said she hoped New Mexico could become a leader in EV battery recycling.

EIB member Karen Garcia responded to comments from auto industry representatives who said EV adoption should be left to the free market.

“Sometimes the market needs a little push in the right direction,” Garcia said. “And I think this rule would provide that.”

The clean car rule is part of Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham’s and Albuquerque Mayor Tim Keller’s efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions responsible for climate change, the city and state said in a joint release after the boards’ votes. In a 2019 executive order, Lujan Grisham directed the state to join the U.S. Climate Alliance and set a statewide GHG emissions reduction goal of at least 45% below 2005 levels by 2030.

The clean car rule will also help the city and state with their respective ozone attainment initiatives, the release said.

Concerns Expressed

Not all stakeholders supported the Advanced Clean Cars rule.

Benjamin Segovia, regional director for the New Mexico Farm and Livestock Bureau, said the group supports incentive-based approaches to clean vehicle adoption rather than mandates.

New Mexico is “vastly different” from California, he said.

“A California standard is not the right fit for a poor state like New Mexico, where many struggle to find affordable means of transportation,” Segovia said.

In her written testimony, Borchert responded to other concerns about the clean car regulations.

One concern is that New Mexico’s EV charging infrastructure is not adequate to support the rule’s ZEV requirement. Borchert said about 80% of EV owners charge their vehicle at home.

As of April, New Mexico had 180 charging stations with 437 ports, and more charging stations are on the way, she said. About 115 EV charging stations are being funded by $4.6 million in Volkswagen settlement funds. And the state will have additional money for charging infrastructure from the American Rescue Plan Act and the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.

Some car dealers in rural areas questioned whether automakers would send them EVs that they won’t be able to sell. Borchert said manufacturers are expected to send more ZEVs to dealers “with demonstrated consumer demand,” such as in urban areas.

Some commenters were concerned about the impact of increased EV adoption on the state’s road construction and maintenance fund.

The New Mexico Department of Transportation has been working with RUC-West, a group that researches and shares best practices on road usage charges, to study other ways to collect the road maintenance funds. Options include an additional annual registration fee for ZEVs or a road usage charge.

May 9, 2022

Exelon Reports Increased Q1 Earnings off Utility Rates

Exelon (NASDAQ:EXC) reported a positive first quarter to investors and analysts Monday, its first earnings report since it completed the separation of its former power generation and competitive energy business, Constellation Energy, in February.

Net income from continuing operations for the first quarter of 2022 decreased to $481 million ($0.49/share), compared to $525 million ($0.53/share) for the same period in 2021. Adjusted to exclude the costs of the Constellation separation, however, earnings increased to $634 million ($0.64/share) from $542 million ($0.55/share).

Company officials said the results reflected higher earnings from Commonwealth Edison, resulting from an increased rate base, and increased returns on equity for PECO Energy, Baltimore Gas and Electric and Pepco Holdings Inc.

Exelon CFO Joe Nigro said the earnings were “driven in part by the recovery of costs associated with ongoing infrastructure investments to improve reliability and resiliency, enhance service for our customers and prepare the grid for a clean energy future.” Exelon reaffirmed its full-year adjusted operating earnings guidance range of $2.18 to $2.32/share and a long-term operating earnings growth target of 6 to 8% through 2025.

“Our grid modernization investments, enabled by constructive regulatory relationships, continue to drive solid operational results and stable earnings across our utilities,” Nigro said.

CEO Chris Crane said the separation of Constellation “really unlocked significant value” for shareholders, with a total return of 76% through the time of the announced deal more than a year ago through mid-April of this year.

“The first quarter was a milestone for Exelon as we successfully completed our separation of the generation business and embarked on our path as the nation’s premier transmission and distribution utility company,” Crane said.

Electric Vehicle Initiative

Nigro spoke about the adoption of electric vehicles and Exelon’s strategy in helping in the transition to EVs, saying they are “unquestionably a key enabler for reducing emissions.”

Jurisdictions in which Exelon operates are targeting 4.2 million EVs on the road over the next 25 years, a twentyfold increase from the end of 2021, he said.

“As our states make this transition over the coming decades, Exelon is poised to support our customers through investments such as upgraded distribution circuitry, substations and ultimately transmission,” Nigro said. “Transforming the grid over this period to meet the increased standards required by EVs, along with other expanded and innovative uses of the grid, will require significant investment.”

COO Calvin Butler said Maryland wants 300,000 EVs on the road by 2025, while New Jersey wants 330,000 by 2025 and 2 million by 2035. Current Illinois law requires 1 million EVs by 2030, and Delaware is looking for 20% of its registered vehicles to be electric by 2025.

“That just goes to show you the opportunity,” Butler said. “And when you look at the infrastructure that is going to be required to meet that and all of our capital plan, we see the opportunity across the Exelon utilities. It’s all different but significant opportunity for us to be partners in building out that infrastructure and preparing the grid.”

May 9, 2022November 14, 2023

Massachusetts Governor Swears in Energy and Environment Secretary

Massachusetts Gov. Charlie Baker on Friday swore in Beth Card as the new Energy and Environmental Affairs secretary.

Card replaces Kathleen Theoharides, who announced her departure from the role at the end of April.

“Beth Card has a deep knowledge of environmental policy and a wealth of experience in leading climate resiliency efforts in state government, and we are glad to appoint her as Secretary,” Baker said in a statement.

Card joined the Baker administration last year as undersecretary of environmental policy and climate resilience. She worked previously as the director of environmental and regulatory affairs for the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority and at the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection as deputy commissioner for policy and planning and assistant commissioner, Bureau of Water Resources.

“The tireless efforts of Secretary Theoharides have resulted in the creation of critical climate change programs, investment in the commonwealth’s renewable energy portfolio, and the advancement of the administration’s decarbonization goals,” Card said.

Former Mass. EEA Secretary Kathleen Theoharides will join RWE Renewables in June as head of offshore development-east. | RWE Renewables

Theoharides oversaw initiatives in Massachusetts that led to the development of the first U.S. utility-scale offshore wind farm, new procurements for 3.6 GW of offshore wind energy and a statewide mandate to reach net-zero emissions by 2050.

On Thursday, RWE Renewables announced that Theoharides will join the company’s offshore wind team June 1 as head of offshore development-East.

“Katie has been a visionary for Massachusetts whilst driving the state’s clean energy ambitions and will further RWE’s … strategy to rapidly invest €50 billion in clean energy technologies,” said Sam Eaton, executive vice president of offshore wind development, RWE Renewables Americas.

Theoharides will be responsible for development activities along the East Coast, including RWE’s floating wind research array in the Gulf of Maine and the company’s lease area in the New York Bight with partners Diamond Offshore Wind and National Grid Ventures, respectively.

“I’m thrilled to be joining the RWE team to help accelerate the pace of offshore wind deployment in the U.S., and to create clean, renewable energy that will help us achieve our urgent climate goals,” Theoharides said.

May 9, 2022June 14, 2023

NY Green Bank Increases Focus on Disadvantaged Communities

The NY Green Bank is starting a $250 million Community Decarbonization Fund this year and increasing its own capitalization by nearly a third to address stakeholder requests for the state-owned bank to improve how it serves disadvantaged communities (DAC), feedback it detailed in a revised annual plan filed May 2 (13-M-0412).

The NY Green Bank in 2021 raised $300 million in private funds to increase its capitalization by nearly a third. | NYGB

The bank raised $300 million from private sources to leverage the nearly $1 billion in ratepayer funding that supported its existing commitments, namely to invest $150 million in affordable housing projects by 2025 and $100 million in building electrification and energy efficiency in disadvantaged communities by 2025.

New York’s Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act (CLCPA) requires that 35% to 40% of all state spending related to clean energy go to DACs, which the NY Green Bank calculates from its total investments planned through Dec. 31, 2025, the end of the current Clean Energy Fund term.

NY Green Bank requested from the Public Service Commission an extension from the original filing deadline in March to more fully gather stakeholder comment, which it summarized in this month’s amended annual report without identifying any commenters.

Noted Comment

Some stakeholders complained of “cumbersome and lengthy” project financing processes, while others noted the increased capital needed to meet state environmental goals across building typologies, including affordable multifamily housing, or to comply with New York City’s Local Law 97, under which most buildings over 25,000 square feet will be required to meet new energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions limits by 2024.

One environmental justice advocate involved in those discussions with the NY Green Bank, Clarke Gocker, director of policy and strategy for PUSH Buffalo, told NetZero Insider he is “guardedly optimistic” about the bank’s move toward greater focus on serving DACs.

“If the state’s going to meet its climate goals, there really has to be a sea-change and a revolution in how existing funds are mobilized, and there needs to be a dramatic scaling up of investment that comes first from the public sector,” Gocker said.

PUSH Buffalo is a member of NY ReNews and is on the steering committee, and it has “been calling in the past 18 months, in particular after the passage of the CLCPA, for massive investments to implement the climate law really in line with even [New York State Energy Research and Development Authority’s] own projections released last fall, which are on the order of $10 billion a year,” Gocker said.

The state’s Climate Action Council has estimated a minimum of $1 billion in annual grants and incentives will be required through 2050 to green the affordable housing market, which would require a quadrupling of current funding. The council’s Climate Justice Working Group is helping define DACs, with draft criteria encompassing 35% of the population and households in the state, and it is holding public hearings on the topic through June 30.

Specific census tracts and low-income individuals are included in the draft definition as DACs that bear negative public health burdens or as individuals earning less than 60% of the state median income or participate in assistance programs, regardless of where they live.

NY Green Bank also is committed through 2025 to provide $100 million in financing to help clean transportation businesses locate or expand in New York and up to $100 million toward port infrastructure projects.

Reasonable Terms

“A theme repeated by developers, lenders and community-based organizations related to a lack of capital available to support building decarbonization or ambitious energy efficiency,” the amended plan said. “Owners and operators of regulated multi-family affordable housing properties commented that their properties had no excess cashflow or balance sheet resources to cover the cost of energy-related building upgrades.”

In 2021, NY Green Bank launched two financing channels, which included a request for proposal (RFP) for financing high-performance affordable housing, and another on “mandatorily redeemable preferred equity for disadvantaged community lenders.”

Stakeholders urged the bank to consider replacing the broad pathway for building decarbonization with focused RFPs addressing predevelopment loans, incentive bridge loans and permanent debt, and to publish indicative terms to align with “off-the-shelf” products offered by other real estate project lenders. Specialty lenders, they said, do not necessarily need preferred equity infusion to facilitate the expansion of their lending activities.

Environmental justice advocates pointed out that community-owned solar projects offer greater energy bill savings than those available to subscribers of privately-owned ones, but that lending institutions lack interest in such small, complex projects, the bank said.

One perspective among environmental justice advocates was that NY Green Bank currently charges higher interest rates than the private sector lenders to low-income New Yorkers, Eddie Bautista, executive director of the New York City Environmental Justice Alliance and a member of the state’s Climate Justice Working Group, told NetZero Insider.

The state in 2013 chartered NY Green Bank, which operates as a division of NYSERDA, to work with the private sector to increase investments in the state’s clean energy markets.

May 9, 2022December 26, 2023

SPP Briefs: Week of May 2, 2022

SPP Takes AECI Dispute over Winter Storm Charges to FERC

SPP has filed a request with FERC that the commission take immediate action in a dispute between the grid operator and Associated Electric Cooperative Inc. (AECI).

The RTO filed its Section 207 request on April 20, asking FERC to assert its exclusive or primary jurisdiction and determine that it properly compensated AECI for emergency power provided during the February 2021 winter storm as it scrounged for power from its neighbors to meet demand.

It also asked the commission to find that:

the transactions in question are governed by SPP’s tariff;
AECI is entitled only to the compensation provided for under the tariff under federal law; and
the RTO correctly calculated payments and paid the cooperative all the compensation owed as an SPP market participant.

SPP requested the commission act expeditiously to preserve its exclusive jurisdiction over the issues in dispute. AECI has taken its complaint to the U.S. District Court for Western Missouri, where it filed in February (6:22cv3030).

AECI is seeking to recover $37.64 million from SPP for the emergency power it provided during the storm. That includes $29.4 million for the costs to provide the power and $8.24 million in day-ahead residual unit commitment (DARUC) make whole payments SPP has charged the cooperative.

AECI said it was obligated to reimburse the market for other resources that were committed during the emergency events, but did not itself receive any such payments for its resources. It said SPP has not reimbursed the cooperative for any of the make whole payments.

The organization’s representatives discussed the dispute several times last year and this year, SPP said. It said AECI did not follow all of the JOA’s dispute-resolution’s formal steps and that no mutual resolution was reached through the informal discussions.

SPP has filed a motion to dismiss the lawsuit. An RTO spokesperson said the grid operator is waiting on orders from FERC and the court and is unable to provide further comment.

MMU Releases Winter Market Report

Wind energy grabbed a 42% share of SPP’s generation mix during the winter, a 35.5% increase from the previous winter, according to the Market Monitoring Unit’s (MMU) quarterly State of the Market report.

The MMU said wind generation was the primary fuel type during the most recent winter, an increase from 31% the prior winter. Coal and natural gas thermal generation decreased between the two winters, from 38% to 33% and from 21% to 16%, respectively.

Other highlights from the report, which covered December 2021 to February 2022:

- - Day-ahead prices increased from an average of $18.18/MWh during the 2020 winter to $27.95/MWh in the most recent winter, a 54% increase. Real-time prices increased from an average of $16.93/MWh two years ago to $24.32/MWh in 2022, a 44% increase.
  - Average winter monthly outages and derates returned to normal after the 2021 winter storm, totaling 29,100 GWh.
  - Overall, real-time market congestion for intervals with breached flowgates increased to 82% of all intervals, a substantial increase from 2021 (59%) and 2020 (34%). Analysis indicates that over the last three winters, the percentage of intervals with breached market-to-market (M2M) flowgates has increased from 33% of all intervals to 82%, indicating M2M flowgates are a large factor in increased flowgate breaches.
  - Transmission congestion rights (TCR) funding during the winter came in at 84%, down from 98% the winter before. The MMU partially attributed the low funding levels to significant outages not found in the TCR model as underfunding worsened to $101 million, up $93 million from the previous year.
  - The 2021 frequently constrained area (FCA) study had similar congestion patterns as previous years, but with more frequent and higher congestion costs. The study identified the southwest Missouri and southeast Oklahoma areas to be added as FCAs.

The MMU will host a webinar to discuss the report on a to be determined date.

Competitive Tx Process Improvements

The Transmission Owner Selection Process Task Force is soliciting stakeholder feedback as it works to improve the RTO’s competitive transmission project selection process. The feedback is due this Wednesday.

SPP has conducted a similar process after each of the four competitive projects it has awarded. The most recent came last month when the grid operator’s board approved NextEra Energy Transmission Southwest’s selection to build a 48-mile, 345-kV transmission line in Oklahoma. (See SPP Board of Directors/Markets Committee Briefs: April 26, 2022.)

The task force is conducting its work even as FERC has backed off some of its Order 1000 requirements. The commission last month issued a transmission planning rules proposal that would offer incumbent TOs a federal right of first refusal on certain regional projects. (See ANALYSIS: FERC Giving up on Transmission Competition?)

May 9, 2022June 14, 2023

MISO-SPP Joint Study to Focus on M2M Congestion

MISO and SPP staff on Friday told stakeholders that this year’s coordinated system plan (CSP) study will focus on “potential solutions to historical, persistent congestion issues” on the RTOs’ seam.

The study, which is not dependent on other regional or interregional planning processes, will analyze historical market-to-market (M2M) congestion problems and look for transmission solutions that benefit both grid operators.

The M2M process has resulted in SPP accruing almost $255 million in settlements from MISO since the RTOs began it in March 2015. Under the process, the grid operators exchange settlements for redispatch based on the non-monitoring RTO’s market flow in relation to firm-flow entitlements.

“We’re looking at sort of near-term planning horizon,” MISO’s Ben Stearney told the Interregional Planning Stakeholder Advisory Committee (IPSAC). “We want to target solutions that can be implemented quickly. So really, we’re not looking for large expensive, greenfield projects. We’re targeting kind of a low-hanging-fruit, quick-hit type of projects.”

In their scope document, staff said they have been jointly exploring ways to address M2M congestion where a long-term planning horizon study “may not effectively capture certain existing day-ahead or real-time market conditions.” They raised the concept of a targeted market efficiency project, similar to that conducted by MISO and PJM, before formally agreeing to use the process in the CSP. (See MISO, SPP Take on 2nd Interregional Planning Effort.)

MISO and SPP seams | MISO and SPP

The RTOs’ staffs hope to develop a repeatable process to effectively study persistent congestion on the seam, including a set of appropriate project criteria for inclusion in their joint operating agreement’s (JOA) language. They also plan to recommend transmission upgrades using a yet-to-be-determined cost allocation methodology.

The grid operators’ JOA requires a CSP be conducted every couple of years to find interregional projects. However, previous, more comprehensive studies have come up empty over cost allocation issues. The MISO-SPP Joint Planning Committee, comprising representatives from each RTO, agreed in March to pursue the new study process.

Asked whether the CSP analysis might find projects that have already been identified by the RTOs’ long-term transmission planning efforts already underway, Stearney said those latter studies have longer lead times.

“I don’t see that as an issue,” he said.

WEC Energy Group’s Chris Plante offered his company’s support for the CSP study.

“I think when we look back at the process that MISO and PJM followed when evaluating targeted market efficiency projects, I think we found that to be a very successful process in terms of identifying extremely near-term, low-dollar cost upgrades that can address some of this congestion,” he said.

The RTOs are working to compile two years of historical M2M data and establish a list of candidate flowgates for consideration. They intend to develop the study process and complete the initial assessment this year. However, they pointed out, because the study will require JOA updates to formally recommend any resulting projects, the final tariff language and FERC filings are not expected to be completed until midway through 2023.

Staff will wait until next year to begin the always sticky development of regional cost allocation.

Future IPSAC meetings are scheduled for July 22 and Sept. 23. Additional meetings will be held as needed while the study progresses.

May 8, 2022

Texas RE Provides Facility Ratings Guidance

Establishing accurate facility ratings is a significant challenge both in Texas and across the ERO Enterprise, according to participants in a webinar hosted by the Texas Reliability Entity on Thursday.

The webinar, part of the regional entity’s regular Talk with Texas RE series, was focused on the FAC-008 series of reliability standards, the most recent of which, FAC-008-5 (Facility ratings), took effect last October. Violations of the FAC-008 family are frequent both across the ERO Enterprise and in Texas RE; for example, last year the RE assessed a $192,000 penalty against Oncor for infringing the standard. (See FERC Approves $536K in Penalties from WECC, Texas RE.)

“It’s a pretty significant opportunity, [and] a pretty significant risk in this interconnection, to get the proper ratings out there for ERCOT to make the right decisions [and] for you to make the right decisions, and so we need to have reliable operations,” said Curtis Crews, Texas RE’s director of operations and procedures compliance and risk assessment.

A major focus of the webinar was FAC-008-5’s requirement that registered entities establish a “documented methodology for determining facility ratings” of relevant equipment, or facility ratings methodology (FRM). The lack of an adequate FRM is a common cause of FAC-008 violations; utilities may also face penalties for having a methodology but not following it, as in the case of a settlement between WECC and Arizona’s Salt River Project approved by FERC last month. (See NERC Hits SPP, SRP for $406K in Penalties.)

Crews also emphasized that even with a suitable FRM, it is not enough for utilities to rate their facilities once. He said registered entities should review their equipment regularly because repairs and upgrades can introduce new equipment that changes the overall rating for the facility. He warned that utilities “don’t want to wait for me to do that.”

“Texas RE shouldn’t be the one that provides you that periodic review … because if we find something, we’d have to report it, and there have been quite a few facility ratings non-compliances over the last several years,” Crews said.

To help attendees understand how Texas RE assesses a utility’s approach to ratings, Crews shared a list of evidence that auditors look for during their reviews. In addition to a detailed FRM, the RE aims to verify the results against the utility’s facility ratings database using manufacturer specifications and nameplate photos, one-lines and elevation drawings, and any other information that may help to independently establish the rating.

The presentation also contained a list of issues commonly identified during audits, including change-management process gaps — that is, failure to make sure that changes to field equipment are reflected in the ratings database — or omitting an element from the FRM. Crews acknowledged the latter error “doesn’t happen too often, but it has happened across the ERO Enterprise.”

Other issues include failure to maintain the one-line and elevation drawings, or inconsistencies between different records containing the same drawings; failure to account for jointly owned facilities; insufficient processes for keeping track of series elements; and lack of clarity in documentation.

In addition to technical evidence, auditors may look for indications of lax culture at the entity. These could be lifting language directly from the standard to use in the FRM with no modification for the case at hand, or not being able to demonstrate consistent application of the FRM in practice. Another sign that an entity has not done a thorough job is the use of the same ratings for normal and emergency situations.

Crews emphasized that while REs sometimes must penalize utilities as a result of compliance audits, their goal is to help build a reliable grid, rather than to punish wrongdoers.

“That is part of our role, to help ensure reliable operations through effective compliance monitoring, and I think that’s the heart” of what Texas RE does, Crews said. “I used to be at a registered entity, so I understand the ramifications of an audit, and I understand the implications of trying to operate in a reliable situation, given the complex issues like facility ratings.”