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November 6, 2024

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Report: Maine Surpassed 10% by 2020 Emission Reduction Target

Decreased fossil fuel use helped Maine meet its 2020 greenhouse gas reduction target, according to a state Department of Environmental Protection report released Thursday.

The department’s analysis of the most up-to-date federal GHG emissions data through 2019 showed that Maine’s GHG emissions were 25% below 1990 levels, surpassing a reduction target of 10% below 1990 levels by Jan. 1, 2020.

Total estimated annual GHG emissions in Maine peaked in 2002 compared to 1990 levels and declined to below 1990 levels by 2009, according to the department’s Ninth Biennial Report on Progress Toward GHG Reduction Goals. Emissions increased slightly from 2013 to 2015, then continued to drop through 2019.

“A reduction in residual fuel oil consumption, 97% since 1990, is a large driver of the overall decline in GHG emissions,” the report said.

Included in the report are the state’s first CO2 budget data, including details on sequestration by forests, fields and wetlands.

“It is essential for the creation and evaluation of emission reduction programs to take into account this more comprehensive view of carbon released and captured within Maines borders,” DEP Commissioner Melanie Loyzim said in a statement.

The department’s analysis of total GHG emission sources and sinks showed the state is 75% of the way to achieving its 2045 carbon neutrality target.

“Maine’s significant forest cover — approximately 89% — results in the state having a large capacity to store carbon, and in recent past, a high accumulation rate of forest carbon via tree growth, offsetting a high percentage of anthropogenic emissions,” the report said.

Forest biomass and soils in the state are sequestering -26.2 million metric tons of CO2 (MMTCO2) per year, while wetlands and urban biomass are sequestering carbon at -0.2 and -0.4 MMTCO2 per year, respectively.

Although the department said there are “many uncertainties” associated with the CO2 accounting methodologies used for the budget, it expects to continue to improve the budget, update data through 2021 for the next report and further research opportunities.

Sector Insights

While Maine’s industrial sector emissions were higher than transportation emissions from 1990 to 2009, they have steadily decreased, leaving transportation as the highest emitting sector. In 2019, the report said, the transportation sector produced 49% of all CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion in the state, up from 42% in 1990. The sector also was responsible for 31% of Maine’s gross GHG emissions.

By comparison, the state’s electric power sector generated 9% of Maine’s gross GHG emissions in 2019, down 41% from 1990 levels.

For 2019, the report said, natural gas was the top contributor, at 72%, to fossil fuel-based CO2 emissions in the electric power sector. And renewable resources, including hydropower, wood, wind, waste, solar and geothermal, provided 84% of the energy consumed by electricity generating facilities in 2019, up from 37% in 1990.

Maine’s industrial sector is the biggest contributor to emissions from the combustion of wood, and it was followed by the electric sector until the residential sector surpassed it in 2019, according to the report. In 2019, electric sector wood emissions were 13% lower than in 1990, while residential wood emissions increased 50% for the same period.

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HUD, DOE Aim to Boost Low-income Community Solar

The Biden administration on Wednesday announced a set of initiatives aimed at connecting the clean power of community solar projects to low-income families already enrolled in federal housing assistance programs, with the goal of cutting their utility bills by 10% to 50%.

First on the list were new guidelines from the Department of Housing and Urban Development that will allow families in “HUD-assisted rental housing” to subscribe to community solar projects that use virtual net metering to provide savings on the families’ utility bills. The guidelines ensure that those savings will not be included in the calculation of families’ household income or utility allowances, which could increase their housing costs.

Based on HUD guidelines recently rolled out in Illinois, New York and Washington, D.C., the first-ever national guidelines will set “the stage for 4.5 million families to reap the benefits of community solar,” according to a White House fact sheet.

“The combination of extreme heat and rising utility prices creates a perfect storm, and HUD-assisted families and communities are some of the most vulnerable,” Secretary Marcia L. Fudge said in a press release announcing the guidelines. “The steps announced today … will not only help families reduce utility costs, but also provide an opportunity for HUD-assisted residents to participate in the clean energy economy through local community solar programs.”

In a second initiative, the Energy and Health and Human Services departments will team up to develop an online platform to help households in the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) and other low-income assistance programs sign up for community solar projects in their areas. Administered by HHS, LIHEAP helps low-income families with heating and cooling costs, as well as weatherization and energy-related home repairs.

DOE and HHS will collaborate with five states — Colorado, Illinois, New Jersey, New Mexico and New York — and D.C. to design and pilot the Community Solar Subscription Platform, according to a DOE press release.

The states were chosen because they already have programs supporting low-income community solar development, the release said. DOE is targeting bill savings of 20% in Illinois, New Jersey, New Mexico and New York, and 50% in Colorado and D.C.

“Community solar programs are essential to the expansion of renewable energy across the state of Illinois and the entire nation,” Illinois Gov. J. B. Pritzker said in the release. “By supporting low-income communities who want to participate in this program, we can increase energy efficiency in the long term and provide impactful access to cost-saving solar energy for the households … that need it most.”

“The implementation of community solar is critical to creating a future that promotes healthy, renewable and sustainable living,” said D.C. Mayor Muriel Bowser. “By working with property owners, especially of multifamily affordable homes, and local businesses, we can ensure our future is a clean and resilient one.”

DOE released a request for information for the platform, also on Wednesday, seeking input on questions such as which stakeholders should be included in developing the platform and how to “ensure all subscriptions protect customer privacy and provide adequate monthly savings.”

The department also announced $10 million in funding from the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, for new workforce development programs “that bring together employers, training providers and labor unions to support pathways to the solar industry to recruit, train and retain an inclusive workforce.”

According to the 2021 National Solar Job Census, released Tuesday by the Interstate Renewable Energy Council, the industry is lagging on diversity. For example, women accounted for 29.6% of the solar workforce in 2021, compared to 47% economywide, and African Americans were 8.2% of the solar workforce, compared to 12.3% economywide.

Making Solar Accessible

Following President Joe Biden’s recent vows to use all executive powers at his disposal to fight climate change, Wednesday’s announcements were modest in scale and likely impact, but still strategic — framing clean energy as a key tool to cut energy bills for vulnerable, low-income communities in the midst of ongoing summer heatwaves. (See Biden: ‘I Will not Back Down’ on Climate Action.)

Heat.gov, a new website launched by the Commerce Department’s National Integrated Heat Health Information System, showed close to 48.5 million Americans under extreme heat warnings on Wednesday.

The U.S. has 3,200 MW of community solar projects spread across 39 states, though figures from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory show that 74% of the market is concentrated in Florida, Minnesota, New York and Massachusetts.

These projects have long been seen as a way to make solar accessible to low-income families and others who may live in rental housing, or any homeowner who cannot or does not wish to install rooftop panels. Consumers subscribe to a community project, often located in or near their city or town, and receive credits on their utility bills for a share of the power produced.

Credits are typically calculated by “virtual net metering,” that is, treating the subscribers as if they were putting the solar on the grid. D.C.’s model Solar for All program uses virtual net metering to provide subscribers to its community solar projects with savings of 50% on their utility bills.

On a typical utility bill, these credits would be listed separately from a consumer’s actual energy consumption. According to the HUD guidelines, in such cases the amount of the credits should not be included in the calculation of a family’s household income, used to determine their eligibility for federal housing assistance. In other words, low-income families will not be penalized for saving on their utility bills.

Reactions from solar industry advocates were mostly positive.

Solar Landscape, a community solar developer in New Jersey, guarantees at least 15% savings on utility bills for its subscribers, according to the company’s website. “The coming wave of clean energy is also affordable,” said Shaun Keegan, the company’s CEO. The new initiatives will “protect and empower underserved communities — those most hurt by climate change and pollution from fossil fuels.”

Jeff Cramer, CEO of the Coalition for Community Solar Access, an industry trade group, praised the White House for doubling down on its support for community solar. “The new executive actions highlight just how versatile community solar policy can be to help states achieve their specific energy goals,” he said.

Similarly, Sean Gallagher, vice president of state and regulatory affairs at the Solar Energy Industries Association, commended DOE for taking targeted action and creating a program that addresses one of the top challenges for obtaining community solar customers.”

But Gallagher said that some low- and moderate-income families might not be able to benefit from the initiatives due to “the burdensome and lengthy signup process to qualify as an LMI household,” and recommended loosening eligibility requirements.

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Schumer, Manchin Reach Climate Deal

Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) and Sen. Joe Manchin (D-W.Va.) announced Wednesday they had reached a deal on a climate package that Democrats will seek to enact next week on a party-line reconciliation vote.

President Biden signed on immediately, saying the $670 billion Inflation Reduction Act, as dubbed by Manchin, would provide tax credits to promote clean energy in addition to reducing the costs of health insurance and prescription drugs.

“This afternoon, I spoke with Sens. Schumer and Manchin and offered my support for the agreement they have reached on a bill to fight inflation and lower costs for American families,” Biden said in a statement. “We will improve our energy security and tackle the climate crisis — by providing tax credits and investments for energy projects. This will create thousands of new jobs and help lower energy costs in the future.”

“After many months of negotiations, we have finalized legislative text that will invest approximately $300 billion in deficit reduction and $369.75 billion in energy security and climate change programs over the next 10 years,” Schumer and Manchin said in a joint statement. “The investments will be fully paid for by closing tax loopholes on wealthy individuals and corporations.”

It is expected to be added to legislation to lower prescription drug prices and extend expiring health care subsidies. Senate Democrats hope to vote on the deal next week under budget reconciliation rules that would sidestep a Republican filibuster.

The announcement was a boost to weary Democrats, coming weeks after Manchin seemed to kill the last chance for climate legislation due to his alarm over inflation. Although it is far from the over $3 trillion in spending Democrats had sought earlier, its passage would give the party’s candidates an accomplishment as they head into the midterm elections in November. (See Biden: ‘I Will not Back Down’ on Climate Action.)

Manchin said the plan “will advance a realistic energy and climate policy that lowers prices today and strategically invests in the long game.”

“As the superpower of the world, it is vital we not undermine our superpower status by removing dependable and affordable fossil fuel energy before new technologies are ready to reliably carry the load,” he said in a statement. “Rather than risking more inflation with trillions in new spending, this bill will cut the inflation taxes Americans are paying, lower the cost of health insurance and prescription drugs, and ensure our country invests in the energy security and climate change solutions we need to remain a global superpower through innovation rather than elimination.”

The bill “ensures that the market will take the lead, rather than aspirational political agendas or unrealistic goals, in the energy transition that has been ongoing in our country,” Manchin continued. And it “invests in the technologies needed for all fuel types — from hydrogen, nuclear, renewables, fossil fuels and energy storage — to be produced and used in the cleanest way possible. It is truly all of the above, which means this bill does not arbitrarily shut off our abundant fossil fuels. It invests heavily in technologies to help us reduce our domestic methane and carbon emissions and also helps decarbonize around the world as we displace dirtier products.”

Reaction

“The entire clean energy industry just breathed an enormous sigh of relief,” said Heather Zichal, CEO of the American Clean Power Association. “This is an 11th-hour reprieve for climate action and clean energy jobs.

“Congress now is inches away from passing a $369.75 billion investment in energy security and climate change programs over the next 10 years. … Passing this bill sends a message to the world that America is leading on climate and sends a message at home that we will create more great jobs for Americans in this industry.”

Abigail Ross Hopper, CEO of the Solar Energy Industries Association, hailed the deal as “a major opportunity to relieve the inflation pinch on families and tackle the climate crisis” and called on Congress to “seal the deal and pass this legislation.”

“With long-term incentives for clean energy deployment and manufacturing, the solar and storage industry is ready to create hundreds of thousands of new jobs and get to work building out the next era of American energy leadership,” Hopper said.

Gregory Wetstone, CEO of the American Council on Renewable Energy, said he is “hopeful that the provisions in the budget reconciliation deal … will spur critical investments in renewable power, energy storage and advanced grid technologies.”

“Legislation that finally moves the country beyond years of on-again, off-again renewable tax credits and establishes a long-term, full-value clean energy tax platform will help provide renewable companies with the stability they need to do business,” Wetstone said.

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Load Growth Boosts AEP Earnings

Boosted by load growth that has returned to pre-pandemic levels, American Electric Power (NASDAQ:AEP) executives told financial analysts Wednesday that the company is building on the momentum it experienced last year.

AEP renewablesNick Akins | © RTO Insider LLC

Leave it to AEP CEO Nick Akins, a drummer and huge rock fan in his spare time, to explain the company’s good place in a different way.

“What’s going on today at AEP is a perfect blend of the execution of Bachman-Turner Overdrive’s ‘Takin’ Care Of Business’ with the edge of Prince’s ‘Let’s Go Crazy.’ In a good sense, of course,” he said during the company’s second-quarter earnings call.

CFO Julie Sloat said AEP’s normalized sales through June were 2% above pre-pandemic levels. Residential sales were up 1.2% during the quarter and up 1% year-to-date, compared to 2021. That helped drive a 14-cent increase in the earnings per share for the company’s vertically integrated utilities.

“Last year’s strong growth numbers were expected considering it was a recovery year from the pandemic shutdowns,” Sloat said. “This year’s growth is perhaps even more impressive considering the growth as compared to a strong recovery year.”

Akins agreed with an analyst who remarked that the Columbus, Ohio-based company’s load growth provides a “very strong tailwind” for this year.

“It’s always good to be ahead a little bit any time you go in the latter part of the year because summer is always good,” Akins said. “Our load guy is pretty optimistic. And if you knew our load guy, you know it takes a long way for him to get there. But we feel really good about the position that we have.”

AEP reported quarterly earnings of $525 million ($1.02/share), down slightly from earnings of $578 million ($1.16/share) a year ago during the same quarter.

Operating earnings, which exclude special items, came in at $618 million ($1.20/share). That beat Zacks Investment Research analysts’ average estimate of $1.18/share. AEP reaffirmed its 2022 operating earnings guidance range of $4.87 to $5.07/share and 6 to 7% long-term growth rate.

The excluded items included charges related to the expected sale of AEP’s Kentucky operations and an equity investment’s write-off in the Flat Ridge II joint venture wind facility in Kansas. The company is currently discussing the possible sale of its 235-MW ownership.

Kentucky regulators in May signed off on the $2.8 billion transaction with Liberty Utilities, but the deal still awaits approval from FERC and West Virginia regulators. Akins said both states have approved the operating agreement for the 1.55-GW Mitchell Power Plant in West Virginia but with different formats and some divergent post-2028 plant provisions. (See PSC OKs Sale of AEP’s Kentucky Operations to Liberty Utilities.)

After opening at $94.83 on Wednesday, a $1.59 drop from the previous close, AEP’s share price gained $1.46 and finished the day at $96.29. It was trading at $94.99 following the market’s close.

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Funds Going Quickly in Calif. Clean Off-road Voucher Program

A California program to encourage the purchase of zero-emission off-road equipment has handed out more than $100 million in incentives since reopening this month.

The Clean Off-Road Equipment Voucher Incentive Project (CORE) opened on July 18 with $125 million in funding. As of Wednesday, $16.6 million remained.

CORE provides vouchers of up to $500,000 for the purchase of zero-emission equipment used in agriculture, airport, railyard, port, construction and marine operations. Types of equipment funded include terminal tractors, large forklifts, airport ground-support equipment and railcar movers.

CORE is a program of the California Air Resources Board (CARB), which uses proceeds from cap-and-trade auctions to fund the incentives. CALSTART, a national clean transportation nonprofit, administers CORE.

While off-road equipment makes up only a small percentage of vehicles in California, the equipment releases significant amounts of greenhouse gases, CARB said.

“CORE is specifically designed to assist industry sectors that currently use off-road equipment and can help clean up the communities hardest hit by air pollution,” CARB Deputy Executive Officer Craig Segall said in a statement.

CALSTART Deputy Director Niki Okuk said CORE increases awareness and adoption of zero-emission equipment in a range of industries while encouraging manufacturers to bring more equipment to market.

The program has been streamlined based on participant feedback, Okuk added. Buyers of zero-emission equipment can use the vouchers at the point of sale, and they’re not required to retire existing internal-combustion equipment.

“We are anticipating significant interest in this second round,” Okuk said in a statement this month.

CORE opened its first funding round in February 2020 with $44.6 million. That round closed in August of that year after issuing more than 460 vouchers.

The program, which was initially only for freight equipment, was expanded this year to include commercial harbor craft and agriculture and construction equipment.

CORE is initially offering up to 20% of its funding, or $25 million, to each of nine categories of equipment. Once a category reaches the $25 million cap, additional voucher requests are placed on a waiting list. CARB will re-evaluate the per-category cap after six months.

As of Wednesday, voucher requests for terminal tractors had reached $67.2 million, exceeding the $25 million per-category cap. Terminal tractors, which are used to move cargo containers or semi trailers over short distances, were also the most requested equipment type during CORE’s first funding round.

Other categories that exceeded the cap as of Wednesday were transport refrigeration units with $28.5 million in vouchers requested and construction equipment with $29.8 million requested.

If the caps are lifted, priority will go to requests from small businesses or projects in disadvantaged communities.

A funding map on CORE’s website gives more details on vouchers that have been issued. For example, five vouchers totaling $1.1 million went to Los Angeles County for railcar movers. In San Bernardino County, 70 vouchers totaling $11.9 million were issued for zero-emission terminal tractors.

In another new development for CORE, the program plans to allocate $30 million in incentives starting this fall for zero-emission equipment used by professional landscaping services. The equipment will include lawn mowers, leaf blowers, string trimmers and chainsaws. Funds will go to small businesses and sole proprietors.

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Rhode Island Experts Seek Policy Shifts for Secure, Low-carbon Food System

The best opportunities for Rhode Island to reduce state food system emissions will require long-term planning and systemwide change, Diane Lynch, board president at the Rhode Island Food Policy Council (FPC), told state climate officials Wednesday.

“If we are going to achieve our mandated reductions set forth in the [2021] Act on Climate, it’s going to be necessary to engage the land sector and the food system as a whole in achieving these reductions,” Lynch said during a webinar hosted by the Rhode Island Executive Climate Change Coordinating Council (EC4).

Lynch presented recommendations to the EC4 that the FPC believes should be considered in an update to the state’s 2016 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Plan due in December.

Among the food council’s top priorities is the need for a comprehensive long-term strategy to reduce food waste and organic material in landfills.

Rhode Island already has a variety of independent operations for food waste handling, such as small- and large-scale composting, leftover food gleaning and diversion, and food recycling in schools. Lynch said all those activities need to come together into one knowledge base.

“The value of taking a comprehensive approach to this issue is that it will help policymakers and stakeholders evaluate the wide range of options that are already being deployed to increase food waste diversion and identify where there are regulatory or legislative reforms that are needed and where there are activities that merit state incentives or investment,” she said.

Strategic food waste plan development should be the responsibility of the Department of Environmental Management, which already oversees waste management, according to Lynch. That responsibility, she said, might require working with outside partners or increasing department staff.

The FPC also wants to see the state increase budget allocations for farmland conservation and soil-regenerative agricultural practices.

Rhode Island’s Agricultural Land Preservation Commission has worked for many years to conserve farmland in cooperation with farm owners, with 55 farms currently approved for conservation, according to Lynch. Despite the interest from landowners in the program, she said that this year, the state did not earmark any green bond investment for farmland protection for the first time in many years.

“The message in this year’s budgeting process was clear: The importance of farmland preservation for its climate and other benefits needs to be better understood by our state leadership,” she said.

Without conservation support from the state, Rhode Island is in danger of losing farmland to development. The state lost an estimated 3,600 acres of farmland to urban development or residential land use from 2001 to 2016, Chelsea Gazillo, New England policy manager at American Farmland Trust, said during the webinar. If that trend is not reversed, AFT expects 8,100 acres, or the equivalent of 200 farms, in Rhode Island to transition to urban use between 2016 and 2040.

Support for regenerative agriculture on existing and conserved farmland is equally important in establishing a low-carbon food system for the state, Lynch said. State incentives can help in that effort, but Lynch said another important pathway will be lobbying at the federal level for increased funding for regenerative practices, especially on small farms, in the 2023 Farm Bill.

Regenerative agriculture can “shift us from agriculture being one of the No. 1 emitters of greenhouse gases to perhaps being a very powerful actor in sequestration and carbon storage,” Dawn King, senior lecturer at Brown University, said during the webinar.

The practice of regenerative agriculture is about soil health, King said. It includes maximizing crop diversity, minimizing soil disturbance and maintaining cover crops.

“That healthy soil keeps the microorganisms happy that are storing carbon,” King said.

Additional recommendations from the FPC for building a low-carbon food system in Rhode Island include:

      • adding emissions from the entire state food system to the state’s GHG emissions inventory;
      • quantifying the carbon sequestration value of Rhode Island’s agricultural lands;
      • measuring the impacts for food imported into the state from outside of New England;
      • funding research for improving the environmental sustainability of food production, processing, transportation and distribution activities in the state; and
      • developing a standalone climate strategy for nature-based climate solutions that include bay and coastal waters, wetlands, and the natural and working lands in the state.
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New York Issues 3rd and Largest OSW Solicitation

New York officials on Wednesday issued the state’s third and largest-ever offshore wind energy solicitation, seeking proposals for up to 4.8 GW in new projects on federal leases in the New York Bight.

The state has already contracted 4.3 GW in OSW projects toward meeting the 2035 goal of 9 GW set in the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act (CLCPA).

“New York is proud to continue leading the way in offshore wind development while establishing a blueprint for building a locally-based green economy,” Gov. Kathy Hochul said in a statement. “Today we are putting words into action and making it clear that New York state is the national hub of the offshore wind industry.”

The New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) is seeking proposals by Dec. 22 to award OSW renewable energy certificates (ORECs) next spring of between 2-4.8 GW.

In its call, NYSERDA cited the CLCPA and its final supplemental generic environmental impact statement (SGEIS) issued in September 2020, which concluded that, since the lease areas comprise only 3% of the Bight, effects on fishing and marine life would be minimal.

The solicitation includes the first phase of $500 million planned to be invested in ports, manufacturing and supply chain infrastructure; it introduces a first-of-its-kind “meshed ready” offshore transmission configuration, as required by the Public Service Commission in January. (See NYPSC Mandates Meshed Offshore Tx Grids.)

Officials will award evaluation points for proposals that repurpose downstate fossil-based generation infrastructure or use energy storage to enhance future system reliability.

In accord with the New York Buy American Act, the solicitation sets a minimum U.S. iron and steel purchase requirement for all projects awarded and requires developers to provide opportunities for U.S.-based steel suppliers to participate in the growing OSW industry.

NYSERDA will hold a webinar on August 23 to address eligibility criteria, submission requirements, the proposal evaluation process, contract commitments, and the post-award process and agreement.

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FERC Allows MISO to Exclude Tx Projects from Competition

FERC said Tuesday MISO can exclude certain transmission projects from competitive bidding eligibility, characterizing the change as a “reasonable adjustment to the MISO competitive transmission process.”

The commission said it was appropriate for MISO to assign projects to incumbent transmission owners when at least 80% of their total cost are upgrades to a TO’s existing facilities (ER22-1955).

The ruling will apply to associated upgrades in the four tranches of MISO’s long-range transmission plan (LRTP). MISO’s Board of Directors approved the first LRTP portfolio on Monday, the same day the order was considered effective. (See MISO Board Approves $10B in Long-range Tx Projects.)

MISO in May filed a request to change its competitive transmission process by skipping over competitive bidding’s “short segments and conductor only” work in its larger grid-expansion efforts.

FERC said the grid operator’s proposal is similar to that already approved for SPP. It said the exclusion will allow MISO to “better balance the expansion of competitive transmission opportunities with administrative efficiency, as well as to reduce uncertainty about which transmission projects are eligible for consideration pursuant to that process.”

MISO’s planning team has said some upgrade-heavy, smaller projects will be necessary to accommodate the long-range projects and are not suited for competition.

Some MISO stakeholders protested at FERC, saying the RTO should separate a project’s upgrade work from new transmission facilities, regardless of cost.

A MISO consumer alliance comprised of the Coalition of MISO Transmission Customers, the Resale Power Group of Iowa, the Wisconsin Industrial Energy Group, the Iowa Office of Consumer Advocate and the Citizens Utility Board of Wisconsin said MISO failed to describe the impact the proposal would have on the LRTP portfolio, the process it plans to use to determine exempted upgrades and the associated cost consequences to consumers by precluding competition. The alliance pointed out that ratepayers tend to save about 15 to 20% in transmission costs when projects are competitively bid.

FERC held that a project upgrading an existing transmission facility doesn’t result in a new transmission facility.

Stakeholders earlier this year expressed displeasure that MISO filed for tariff changes to its competitive transmission rules without first consulting the stakeholder community. However, the commission accepted staff’s explanation that they discovered potential smaller, associated projects late in its LRTP development and filed quickly so as not to hold up the portfolio.

The grid operator’s TOs said the revision is necessary to “enable the efficient, timely processing of needed LRTP projects that MISO has identified and to avoid delays and other inefficiencies that would otherwise result.”

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New Jersey to Expand Wind Port with Land Purchase

New Jersey’s Economic Development Authority (EDA) last week approved the $24.25 million purchase of 109.5 acres of land to nearly double the size of the state’s planned offshore wind manufacturing facility.

The purchase, from a subsidiary of Public Service Enterprise Group (NYSE:PEG), adds to land already leased from PSEG to develop the New Jersey Wind Port, which is expected to cost $500 million to $550 million and have a footprint of 220 acres. The extra parcel will be used to build additional marshaling and manufacturing facilities and provide employees with a second entrance and exit. The port is under construction in Lower Alloways Creek, in South Jersey, next to three nuclear power plants operated by PSEG.

The EDA also hired consultant McKinsey & Co. to study the feasibility of creating a flagship offshore wind research and development facility. The two approvals July 20 add to the state’s aggressive efforts to position itself as a key player in the regional supply chain serving East Coast offshore wind projects, with a goal of supplying equipment and materials to not only New Jersey’s projects but those of other states as well.

EDA CEO Tim Sullivan said the port expansion will help fill what he said is the “current shortfall in fit-for-purpose port capacity across the region.”

“The ability to marshal two projects at once, with additional space for component manufacturing, will turbocharge job creation, opportunities for small businesses, and all forms of ancillary economic activity both locally and across the state.”

Another key part of the state’s plan is to create a flagship research-and-development center. McKinsey, with a budget of up to $880,000, was picked from five applicants and will conduct market analysis and make recommendations for the center based on the outcome of the analysis.

The work will include a “background review on existing offshore wind research and innovation facilities; market analysis to evaluate potential gaps and needs not currently being fulfilled; evaluation of New Jersey’s competitive advantages to address one or more of these gaps; and development of ranked recommendations for New Jersey to pursue,” according to a memo circulated by Sullivan. McKinsey would then evaluate two of the “recommended strategies” and determine their feasibility.

The EDA also has the option to add a third task to McKinsey’s work: creating an implementation plan for the recommended strategies if the project moves ahead. A key goal of the project is to “propel New Jersey forward as the U.S. East Coast hub for world-renowned offshore wind technology research and innovation,” according to the memo. (See NJ Plans ‘Flagship’ R&D Innovation Center for Wind.)

The consultant also will be expected to help the state “support and foster emerging innovations and solutions to offshore wind market challenges and opportunities” and to “incentivize clustering and anchoring of offshore wind research and innovation investments and activities,” according to the memo. The state also expects the state to “capitalize on New Jersey’s existing expertise and reputation for research and innovation across multiple areas, such as cleantech, information technology and life sciences.”

Creating an Industry Hub

The Wind Port emerged from New Jersey’s plan to generate 7.5 GW of offshore wind power by 2035. The New Jersey Board of Public Utilities (BPU) has to date approved three projects — Ocean Wind 1 and 2, and Atlantic Shores — totaling about half the target amount. The BPU expects to begin another solicitation early next year, with two others to follow. (See NJ Awards Two Offshore Wind Projects.)

The EDA says the Wind Port has the potential to create up to 1,500 manufacturing, assembly and operations jobs, and drive billions of dollars in economic growth back into the New Jersey economy.

Construction on the first phase of the port — a 30-acre marshaling area and wharf infrastructure and dredge channel — began in January and is expected to be completed by the second quarter of 2024, according to Sullivan’s memo. The first phase also will include 60 acres of manufacturing and 5 acres to be used for general services. Danish developer Ørsted, which is developing the two Ocean Wind projects, has signed a letter of intent to lease land in this phase to support the projects.

The second phase of the port, which is currently in the feasibility stage, includes an area onto which the developer can dump dredge material from the first phase, saving the state $56 million to $61 million in future dredge deposit charges, the memo says. Construction on phase 2 is expected to begin in 2024.

Endangered Species

The project’s advance, however, faces opposition from the Delaware Riverkeeper Network, which on Friday said that it had filed a 60-day notice of intent to sue the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in part because of biological opinions issued by the agency for the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers.

The notice said the NMFS violated the Endangered Species Act (ESA) by underestimating the impact of building the Wind Port in the Delaware River estuary, “which is designated critical habit for the Atlantic sturgeon.”

“In preparing the biological opinions, NMFS failed to use the best scientific and commercial data available, resulting in a dramatic underestimate [of] the existing baseline impact of vessel strikes on the Atlantic sturgeon population and a failure to accurately predict the consequences of vessel strikes” during the operation and construction of the port, the notice said. As a result, the agency’s finding that the project did not jeopardize the sturgeon population and the opinions expressed in support of the permit issuance are “without adequate support in the record.”

The notice argues that if the correct data were used, the corps could conclude that the issuance of permits “would likely jeopardize the continued existence of the Atlantic sturgeon.”

The Riverkeeper also targets the NMFS opinion on the permit application for the Edgemoor Container Port, which allowed the development of a major container terminal at the Port of Wilmington, about 25 miles north of the Wind Port.

“Authorizing projects that will increase shipping traffic into the estuary will only accelerate the sturgeon’s demise,” said Maya van Rossum, leader of the Delaware Riverkeeper Network. “I am shocked and disappointed with NMFS for choosing to overlook the vital provisions the Endangered Species Act provides to protect our Delaware River Atlantic sturgeon.”

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PJM Challenged on Oversight of ‘Immediate Need’ Transmission Projects

Consumer advocates, industrial consumers and municipal utilities asked FERC on Tuesday to force PJM to require incumbent transmission owners to sign designated entity agreements (DEA) on “immediate need” projects, contending the RTO has violated its Operating Agreement by refusing to do so.

The complaint by American Municipal Power, the D.C. Office of the People’s Counsel and the PJM Industrial Customer Coalition came the day before PJM stakeholders were scheduled to vote on whether to open an initiative over the dispute.

The Markets and Reliability Committee was scheduled to have stakeholders vote between an issue charge proposed by consumer advocates and one by TOs after negotiations between the two groups failed to reach an agreement over whether the initiative could consider changes to the rights and responsibilities of PJM and the TOs under the Consolidated Transmission Owners’ Agreement. (See PJM TOs, Consumer Advocates at Odds over DEA Inquiry.)

The MRC agenda also gave notice that PJM “anticipates” making a Federal Power Act Section 206 filing with FERC asserting that the OA is unjust and unreasonable regarding its implementation of DEAs. “The specific course of action depends in part” on how the MRC resolves the issue charge.

After the filing of the stakeholders’ complaint, however, PJM amended the MRC agenda to cancel the vote, saying the issue would be discussed tomorrow at the Members Committee meeting.

PJM also amended the MC agenda to give the committee “notice of consultation” of a potential filing under FPA Section 205 to revise the pro forma DEA in Attachment KK of its tariff.

PJM did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the complaint. In an August 2021 letter responding to questions about the RTO’s adherence to the OA, however, PJM CEO Manu Asthana said the RTO had “determined that the Operating Agreement language could be read in a way that is not fully aligned with PJM’s practice for the last seven years or, in PJM’s view, the rationale behind issuing a DEA in the first instance. That is, the DEA was developed to apply only to projects that are selected through PJM’s Order No. 1000-compliant competitive window process and included in the Regional Transmission Expansion Plan (RTEP) for regional cost allocation purposes.”

2018 Order

The current dispute dates back to at least 2018, when FERC rejected PJM’s request to revise the OA to waive the DEA for RTEP projects that the OA requires PJM to designate to an incumbent (ER18-1647). Such projects include TO upgrades; projects that would alter the TO’s use of its right of way; and those located solely within a TO’s zone that are not cost allocated outside. (See FERC Rejects PJM Exemption for Incumbent TOs.)

In rejecting the TOs’ rehearing request in 2019, FERC said that breaching a DEA is more expensive for nonincumbent TOs, which are subject to meeting construction milestones that may be delayed for reasons beyond their control, while incumbent TOs only risk breaking the terms of a CTOA by missing scheduled in-service dates.

Unlike incumbents, nonincumbents must also “obtain a letter of credit or other financial instrument equal to 3% of the incremental project cost in the event of a breach,” meaning this extra cost must factor in project submissions, making the incumbent TO’s proposal cheaper by default, FERC said. (See Rehearing Denied on PJM Designated Entity Agreements.)

Feb. 2022 Policy Change

In the complaint filed Tuesday — which was not immediately assigned a docket number — the stakeholders alleged that PJM for years had only required execution of a DEA for projects selected through a competitive window under Order 1000 that were regionally planned and subject to regional cost allocation.

In February 2022, the stakeholders said, PJM began requiring DEAs for TO-designated projects selected through the proposal window that were not regionally allocated. “However, PJM persists in only partially complying with Operating Agreement section 1.5.8 because PJM is not requiring execution of a designated entity agreement for all regionally planned projects, including immediate-need reliability projects and those resulting from needs that are not posted in a competitive window,” the complaint says.

The complaint asks FERC to order PJM to execute DEAs for about 494 regionally planned projects that have been approved by the RTO’s Board of Managers and are still under construction. PJM has executed only five DEAs, two with incumbent TOs and three with nonincumbents, the stakeholders said.

The complainants said the DEA, which includes requirements that designated entities adhere to scheduling milestones, is “particularly relevant” for time-sensitive immediate-need reliability projects. It cited a 2021 PJM informational filing that reported about 50 immediate-need projects’ anticipated in-service dates would be after their need-by date.

“If there were designated entity agreements in place for these projects, then PJM would be required to re-evaluate the projects to determine whether a different project is needed,” the complaint said.

The complainants said the DEA can also provide cost transparency. “For example, at an April 2021 PJM Transmission Expansion Advisory Committee meeting, Alleghany Power Systems revised the cost estimate for an immediate-need reliability project assigned to it from $41.4 million to $143.4 million, an increase of $102 million, or 246%. Contrary to the express provisions of the currently effective Operating Agreement, there is no designated entity agreement in place for this project,” it said. “If there was, PJM likely would have [re-evaluated] the project earlier and revised the project at that time and perhaps identified a less costly solution that would not have increased the price tag by $102 million.”