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March 10, 2023November 9, 2023

CAISO Proposes Interconnection Queue Process Overhaul

Struggling to deal with an overwhelming number of generator interconnection requests, CAISO has launched a new stakeholder initiative to overhaul its interconnection process to prioritize projects that serve the state’s resource requirements in areas that already have transmission.

The revamp is vital to help the state add the gigawatts of renewable resources and storage it needs to meet its 100% clean energy mandate by 2045, CAISO said in an issue paper and straw proposal it published this week to start the “Interconnection Process Enhancements 2023” initiative. The first stakeholder meeting is scheduled for Monday.

“With the ISO’s interconnection application queue inundated with applications, current processes need to be reimagined to ensure resource procurement and queuing are effectively shaped and informed to take advantage of transmission and interconnection capacity that exists or is already planned and under development, and to align with the transmission upgrades necessary for longer-term resource development,” the paper says.

CAISO received 359 interconnection requests totaling more than 105 GW during its Cluster 14 window in April 2021, quadruple the number of prior years, with 205 projects totaling 65.5 GW proceeding into phase 2 of the interconnection study process.

“When the schedule for the Cluster 14 supercluster was developed, the ISO assumed that the unprecedented number of projects studied in phase 1 would … result in a large percentage of projects withdrawing,” the issue paper says. “That would have made for a much more reasonable number of projects needing to be studied in Cluster 14 phase 2.” But the “high project withdrawal rate … did not materialize. In fact, the percentage of projects proceeding into phase 2 is higher than normal.”

The window for Cluster 15 requests is scheduled for April 3-17. CAISO said it expects to receive 279 to 308 interconnection requests based on an informal survey of developers late last year.

“Simply layering a massive influx of new Cluster 15 interconnection requests on top of the existing queue and the Cluster 14 projects in the queue is not an effective way to advance interconnection proposals,” the paper says. “To do so would exacerbate an already unworkable situation.”

Refinements to CAISO’s interconnection process over the past two years have not sufficiently reduced the number of requests to the manageable level needed to “support the pace of new resource development that must be sustained in the years ahead,” it says. (See CAISO Approves More Interconnection Enhancements.)

“Simply put, without transformational changes to the [Generator Interconnection and Deliverability Allocation Procedures] in the 2023 [Interconnection Process Enhancements] initiative, we will not be able to accommodate the rapidly accelerating pace of new resources that must be connected to the grid to achieve SB100 goals in a reliable and cost-effective fashion.”

The new initiative has two tracks. The first involves adjusting the schedule for processing Cluster 15 requests by postponing request validation and scoping meetings until the Cluster 14 phase 2 studies are finished by Nov. 24 and the results meetings are complete by Feb. 22, 2024.

“As such, the ISO does not anticipate resuming Cluster 15 until 2024,” the straw proposal says.

Track 2 of the initiative is meant to prioritize projects that would use available transmission capacity and that are in zones where the ISO’s transmission planning process identifies the need for additional capacity based on state resource planning. It also seeks to limit the number of requests studied within those zones according to the state’s resource procurement needs.

Track 2 “will focus on the transformative changes to the interconnection process needed to achieve the strategic direction” agreed to in a December memorandum of understanding between CAISO, the California Public Utilities Commission and the California Energy Commission. (See CAISO CEO Lauds Transmission Planning Agreement.)

‘It Just Doesn’t Work’

The MOU was meant to better coordinate the CPUC’s Integrated Resource Planning process, the ISO’s transmission planning process and the CEC’s Integrated Energy Policy Report, which identifies the state’s energy needs and its activities under Senate Bill 100, the 2018 measure that that established the state’s clean energy mandate.

Long-term resource planning and procurement by the CPUC and CAISO’s transmission planning process “requires just exquisite coordination and synchronization of those different processes,” CAISO CEO Elliot Mainzer said in a speech to the Energy Bar Association Western Chapter on March 2.

The MOU “defines the order of operations to make sure that the CEC-CPUC-CAISO processes are much more tightly coordinated and synchronized,” Mainzer said. The ISO needs “to start getting out of this traditional reactive mode of transmission planning” and a “dysfunctional” queuing process.

“I think running 60,000-MW cluster studies just prevents transmission planners from doing actual transmission planning,” Mainzer said.

CAISO’s annually updated transmission plan will be released soon and will take a more proactive “zonal approach,” he said.

“It will let the transmission plan shape the queuing and shape the procurement so that we’re queuing up and running competitive solicitations on the buy side of places where we’re actually going to be building transmission capacity, as opposed to running fictional studies that give you useful insights or coming out with studies that say, ‘Sure I’ll interconnect you. It will cost you $850 million.’ It just doesn’t work.”

‘First-ready, First-served’

Long interconnection queues have plagued other RTOs and ISOs in recent years.

In November, FERC approved PJM’s proposal to speed up its interconnection queue by handling requests through a new clustered approach that prioritizes ready-to-build projects. (See FERC Approves PJM Plan to Speed Interconnection Queue.)

The number of generation projects entering PJM’s interconnection queue nearly tripled between 2018 and 2022 as more renewable projects were proposed. The RTO started 2022 with nearly 2,500 projects under study in its queue, with 95% of the more than 220 GW of requests from renewables, storage or a combination of the two.

It estimates it will take until 2026 before it can clear the backlog. New interconnection requests will not be studied before then, PJM said.

In a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking in June, FERC proposed similar changes by replacing the serial “first-come, first-served” study procedure with “first-ready, first-served” cluster studies (RM22-14). The commission also proposed more stringent financial commitments and readiness requirements for interconnection customers, which it said would discourage speculative interconnection requests. (See FERC Proposes Interconnection Process Overhaul.)

In calling for a switch to a “first-ready, first-served” study process, the commission endorsed rules it had already approved for MISO and SPP. Even with the rule changes, MISO faces scrutiny over whether it can deal with 170 GW of new generation requests that were added to its interconnection queue in September. (See MISO Insists it can Handle Record-setting Interconnection Queue.)

CAISO has fast-tracked its new interconnection initiative and plans to seek approval from its Board of Governors in May.

Devin Leith-Yessian contributed to this report.

March 9, 2023

EPA’s Becker Breaks Down $32B of Federal Funding for Decarbonization

DENVER — EPA official KC Becker last week presented renewable industry stakeholders with new opportunities to access funding from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and the Inflation Reduction Act.

Becker, the agency’s administrator for the Mountains and Plains region, spoke at the Colorado Solar & Storage Association’s Mountain West Conference on March 1, breaking down EPA programs to fund decarbonization. She said that between the two “historic” pieces of climate legislation, the EPA will be distributing $100 billion in a variety of forms, but she focused on two programs equaling about $32 billion that aim to reduce emissions.

“[The] theme through all of these is that they’re really focused on cleaning up dirty sources of energy and replacing them with clean sources,” she said.

The Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund makes up $27 billion of funding and is broken into two parts:

the green bank portion, which aims to leverage private capital by distributing $20 billion to 15 private entities to disperse to emissions-reducing projects; and
the Zero-emission Tech Fund, which is awarding 60 competitive grants totaling $7 billion to “states, tribes, municipalities and eligible nonprofit entities … directed specifically and almost exclusively at solar and storage.”

In selecting winning grants, the EPA will focus heavily on those deploying rooftop and community solar in environmental justice communities.

“This is a big climate effort; it’s also a big environmental justice effort,” Becker said. “The people who are most impacted by the climate crisis tend to be the most burdened with pollution, the least [able] to adapt to a changing climate, and that’s really where we want to be making our investments.”

The other $5 billion of funding will go to pollution-reduction grants to encourage states to decarbonize. Becker was especially excited to talk about those, saying “we were embargoed on [speaking about] this until this morning at 7:30, so this conference is very timely.”

The EPA plans to give states up to $3 million in non-competitive grants to create and submit their climate plans. The other $4.7 billion is slated for implementation of those climate plans, which will be dispersed through competitive grants. Becker again stressed the importance of considering disadvantaged communities when applying for the grants.

“The president has said in the deployment of all this new money … [that] whoever might have a little slice of this Inflation Reduction Act really has to meet the Justice40 goals. And that’s putting 40% of our investments or benefits to serve marginalized, underserved, overburdened communities,” she said.

Despite the deluge of federal funding, Becker has run into some policy makers who are resistant to the changes this money could bring. She said that after leaving the conference she would be calling the lawmakers in her region to encourage them to take advantage of this opportunity.

“Just in Colorado alone, through the Inflation Reduction Act, we estimate that it’s going to bring $13.2 billion of investment to large-scale clean power generation and storage,” Becker said, adding that “if they don’t want to call it climate pollution reduction money or greenhouse gas reduction money, it is economic development money.”

“One thing that I’ve been saying to the states in my region that tend to be more conservative is: If you don’t take this money, it’s going to go somewhere. It’s probably going to end up in California,” she said, drawing a laugh from the audience.

March 9, 2023June 14, 2023

Biden Admin Devoting Billions for ‘Climate-smart’ Agriculture

Agriculture contributed more than 11% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in 2020, and the Biden administration has allocated nearly $20 billion in new funding authorized by the Inflation Reduction Act to expand local and regional soil and water conservation programs, as well as reduce emissions.

The Natural Resources Conservation Service, an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, last fall announced the first competitive grants would be available in six separately funded programs. The initiatives are designed to foster sustainable agricultural practices under the rubric of “climate smart” harvests.

Proof of sustainable practices will also be a key component in low-carbon ethanol for aviation and in numerous other agricultural-based chemicals and products.

Carrie Pearson, Cargill Corp. | AURI

Federal mandates on carbon are coming in one form or another, say agricultural and food-marketing experts.

“I think it’s coming,” Carrie Pearson, product sustainability lead at Cargill, said of federal rules requiring agribusiness to provide evidence about the environmental impact of food products.

“If you look at the Inflation Reduction Act, there are incentives for products that have lower footprint and environmental product declaration data available,” she said last month during a webinar produced by the Minnesota-based nonprofit Agricultural Utilization Research Institute (AURI).

Kate Barry, Chainalytics | AURI

Kate Barry, an expert on food packaging and senior consultant with Atlanta-based supply chain consulting firm Chainalytics, agreed, but she added that she did not expect federal rules immediately. “I see them coming in five to 10 years. I think we are a long way from being able to control at the farm level.”

The road to lower carbon in food and fuel begins on the land, whether a few hundred acres in a small farm or thousands of acres in a corporate farm.

“IRA provides unprecedented funding levels targeted to improve soil carbon; reduce nitrogen losses; [and] reduce, capture, avoid or sequester carbon dioxide, methane or nitrous oxide emissions associated with agricultural production,” NRCS said in an initial request for comments.

Partnerships for Climate-Smart Commodities

Key to the success of the new programs is a long-practiced NRCS “ground up” approach to encourage buy-in from small farmers and ranchers.

USDA describes its existing Partnerships for Climate-Smart Commodities as an effort to help farmers and ranchers in 30 states align agricultural conservation practices with the growing market demand for food grown or raised in a climate-friendly environment. NRCS has awarded $2.8 billion in initial grants to 70 projects through the program.

The broad initiatives — including the availability of new climate-smart financing, new efforts to reduce livestock methane emissions, an emphasis on increasing individual farm participation in carbon sequestration techniques and the overarching emphasis on local involvement — have already caught the attention of existing trade organizations, as well as entrepreneurial farmers and ranchers.

Jared Knock, AgSpire | AURI

One such entrepreneur who has embraced sustainable practices and won initial USDA funding is Jared Knock, a college-educated, 25-year South Dakota farmer and rancher and employee at Millborn Seeds, the nation’s largest supplier of cover crop and grass seeds.

Knock and his associates at Millborn created a second company, AgSpire, three years ago to promote cooperation between farmers and ranchers to improve grazing land, encourage growth in cover crops and reduce the over-reliance on synthetic fertilizers.

In a January webinar produced by AURI, Knock said AgSpire’s team includes agronomists and grazing specialists to advise ranchers about soil-building management and the best seed mixture of regenerative grasses and cover crops for fields temporarily taken out of grazing.

The company also has developed a program to assist farmers who want to produce low-carbon corn as a feedstock for low-carbon fuel, Knock said.

Reducing Corn Production Impacts (AURI) Content.jpg

The impact of corn production on the environment could be sharply reduced by replacing diesel fuel, using renewable nitrogen fertilizer and replacing the fuel used to dry the harvest. | AURI

AgSpire is a partner in five projects receiving initial USDA grants, including one focused on improving ranch grazing lands with extensive use of rotating cover crops; one to produce low-carbon aviation fuels; another to sell climate-smart, low-climate-impact feed corn; and a project to expand the production of low soil-impact seed grains.

“We are a segue between the farmer and rancher and helping them to understand what opportunities they have,” he said. “We are also working with [food] companies to understand how to engage with the farmers and put programs into practice. The Climate-Smart Commodities application process was a good opportunity.”

The program is also focused on engaging food retailers.

Cameron Wallace, Land O’ Lakes | AURI

Cameron Wallace, an executive at Land O’Lakes subsidiary Truterra, said the company’s new climate-smart partnership with USDA will enable it to dramatically scale up its already extensive programs connecting farmers with retailers.

“Today we have over 2 million acres in our platform and over 53 local retailers. We feel like we are uniquely positioned to operate on a national scale and to help provide support and capabilities to ensure that growers can implement climate-smart practices, sustainably and in a profitable way that helps them improve their yields and their productivity as well,” Wallace said.

“Our goal through our climate-smart partnership with USDA is to continue to scale those programs to increase the capabilities and [market] access across the country, both in row crop operations, as well as livestock and dairy operations, to increase financial support and technical support [to farmers] … to enable the scaling of markets as more and more food companies are trying to meet their sustainability goals,” he said.

Scott Herndon, Field to Market | AURI

Field to Market, a D.C.-based alliance of growers, conservation groups, universities and agribusiness organizations, is already working on a national scale to create an agricultural supply chain based on sustainability. It has won a $70 million Climate-Smart grant.

“Our premise is that no one sector can achieve sustainability on their own,” said Scott Herndon, president of the alliance. “That is why we bring all sectors of the value chain together.”

He said the alliance’s financing programs — the basis of the USDA grant — have been designed “to incentivize the adoption of sustainable agriculture,” including “blended financing models or green bonds” offering reduced interest rates for sustainable production.

Ashley McDonald, National Pork Board | AURI

Ashley McDonald, assistant vice president for sustainability at the National Pork Board, which has also been awarded a Climate-Smart grant, said the pork industry is aiming to reduce its GHG emissions by 40% by 2030.

Reaching that goal involves enrolling as many of the nation’s hog farms as possible in an analytical study to develop best practices across the industry, using data from participating members, she said, adding that the board intends use its USDA grant in new financing programs to assist farms adopt sustainable practices.

Measuring the Carbon Impact of Sustainable Practices

The underlying assumption that adopting sustainable practices will reduce carbon dioxide and other GHGs will have to be measured, and agronomists are already trying to figure out how to do it.

Joel Tallaksen, University of Minnesota | AURI

One analytical tool that has been used is a life cycle assessment (LCA), a kind of accounting methodology designed to look at the environmental impact of a manufactured product, said University of Minnesota scientist Joel Tallaksen.

“LCA is very holistic, going from the extraction of resources all the way through production and end of life,” Tallaksen said. “Now, the nice thing about LCA is that it can examine multiple environmental issues. So, you can look at things like fossil energy greenhouse gases, but you can get very specific and look at some detailed topics.

“The biggest challenge in LCA work is getting data on different systems, especially in agriculture. Once you have all that data, then you can begin to model how that data is going to fit together. LCA is really an accounting methodology, and it focuses on noneconomic issues. So, we can gather a lot of data and use that data to look at environmental impacts and some of the other impacts the system might have,” he said.

Analytical tools used by manufacturers to calculate environmental impact are being used cautiously to as first step to estimate agriculture’s climate impact. | AURI

That is the way the tool is used in manufacturing. Agriculture is a bit trickier, Tallaksen said. “Agriculture deals with biological systems, and they’re very different from going into a factory that’s making staplers. …

“But when you start dealing with biological systems, there are complex interactions that you must think about. In agriculture, you’re talking often about soil type, moisture [and] temperature,” factors that will determine how fast reactions occur, he said.

Another complexity in figuring agricultural emissions is that often the impact of a crop must be allocated to a number of commodities that are ultimately marketed,” he said. “If you find out there’s a certain amount of greenhouse gas being produced, but it’s going into two different products, you have to figure out how to divide that impact between the two products,” he said.

March 9, 2023

NJ Hikes Non-residential Solar Incentives After Registration Lags

New Jersey regulators on Monday cut the incentive for residential solar and increased incentives for some non-residential projects after a report on the first year of the program showed that non-residential installations had failed to meet agency targets even as residential projects surged.

The state’s Board of Public Utilities (BPU) approved a $5 reduction in the incentives for net-metered residential projects, to $85/MWh, after the report found that registrations in the segment were on track to far exceed the 150 MW of capacity allocated to the program, which is part of the Administratively Determined Incentive (ADI) program. BPU staff concluded that all the capacity allocated to the program would be subscribed by the end of January, four months before the end of the program year, leaving plenty of demand unsatisfied.

The board voted to increase the incentives in four segments on the non-residential side after the report found that by mid-February only 55% of the 287.8 MW of capacity allocated had been subscribed.

To stimulate development, the board increased the incentive for small net-metered rooftop, carport, canopy and floating solar projects from $100/MWh to $110/MWh and raised incentives on net-metered ground projects from $85/MWh to $90. The agency also increased the incentive on net-metered non-residential rooftop, carport, canopy and floating solar projects of size between 1 MW and 5 MW from $90/MWh to $100/MWh. It increased the incentive for non-residential ground projects in the same capacity size category from $80/MWh to $85/MWh.

Before the unanimous vote, BPU President Joseph L. Fiordaliso expressed hope that the changes would help “maintain the level of activity for our solar industry.”

“I view this as an initiative that will maintain the robust activity of our solar industry,” he said. “And I think it’s extremely important to do that. We saw one segment not doing as well as we would like, and therefore (that led to) the increase in the incentive.”

Solar Stimulants vs. Cost

The incentive restructuring is the latest effort by the state to shape a solar incentive that will boost development of new solar without placing an excessive burden on ratepayers. The BPU in 2020 closed its more than decade-old program amid criticism that the incentives were too generous. In June 2021 it created the Solar Successor Incentive Program (SuSI).

It had two parts: the ADI program, with incentives set by the BPU for residential and smaller projects; and the Competitive Solar Incentive (CSI), with incentives for grid-scale and larger projects set by competitive solicitation process.

The state’s ambitious solar goals, set out in Gov. Phil Murphy’s Energy Master Plan, call for New Jersey to install 5.2 GW of solar capacity by 2025, add another 7 GW by 2030 and reach a total of 17.2 GW by 2035. In 2021, Murphy signed the Solar Act, which directed the BPU to create a new program that would generate 3,750 MW of new capacity by 2026, or 750 MW a year.

Reaching that goal is still a way off. The sector had a strong year in 2022, adding 432,241 kW of new capacity, the second highest total in the last eight years, after 453,217 kW in 2019, according to BPU figures. The state, with 4.29 GW of solar capacity installed at the end of 2022 — in 160,375 projects — would hit the 2025 target if it continues at the same pace of installation as in 2022, but it would need a dramatic increase to reach the 2030 goal.

In the review of the first year of the ADI, the BPU order concluded that “without action, the ADI program is likely to fail to meet the targets established by the Solar Act of 2021.”

While BPU officials believe the figures show the sector is ramping up capacity installation, solar developers have argued that the surge in installation in 2022 was set in motion in 2021, before the ADI program was put in place. The state at that time offered incentives through the temporary Transition Incentive (TI) program, which closed when ADI opened. Developers have argued that some of the increase in capacity in 2022 stemmed from developers rushing to register projects in 2021 under the higher TI incentives before the program closed. (See Solar Industry Pushes for Bigger Incentives from NJ Program.)

The ADI program included a requirement that the BPU conduct a review of the program’s first year, which showed the residential sector was oversubscribed. The BPU reallocated 100 MW of available capacity from the non-residential segment to the residential segment to “avoid impending oversubscription” of the latter, the board order said.

Inflationary, Supply Chain Pressures

Solar sector representatives at a hearing in December urged the BPU not to respond to the oversubscription of capacity in the residential market by reducing the incentive levels. Several industry trade groups argued that “apparent increases in the pace of registration in the residential sector have more to do with a catch-up in processing a backlog in applications than a real increase in activity,” according to the BPU summary of the December meeting that is part of the board order approved Monday. Reducing incentive levels would harm the residential sector, they argued.

On the non-residential side, trade associations said they believe that “the relatively slow uptake in the non-residential net metering market segment is a direct indication that current incentive levels need to be increased, particularly in light of rising costs,” according to the board order. A representative of the Solar Energy Industries Association told the December meeting that costs for commercial installations have increased 15% while residential costs have gone up 12%, largely due to shipping constraints and other supply chain issues stemming from the pandemic and trade instability.

The BPU, in its order, agreed that rising costs were an issue and that something had to be done to assist the sector.

“The non-residential market segment is tracking at approximately two-third of the board’s target,” the board order said.

“The board sees clear evidence that the inflationary and supply chain pressures of 2021 and 2022 have depressed participation in the non-residential market segments of the ADI program,” the order added. “The board attributes this fall off to the fact that reported costs for installed solar facilities have increased significantly over the past 18 months since the board established the ADI program, largely driven by the record high levels of inflation.”

March 9, 2023February 7, 2024

Bipartisan Community Solar Package Introduced in Michigan Senate

LANSING, Mich. — Community solar projects would be legal and regulated by the Public Service Commission under a bipartisan package of two bills introduced in the Michigan Senate this week.

Enacting a community solar system in Michigan, where local projects would be open to both homeowners and businesses, has been a major goal for many environmental and energy activists in the state. With Democrats in control of both the Senate and House for the first time in 40 years, and with solar projects winning favor in rural, mostly Republican areas of the state, observers believe the legislation has a good chance of passing and being signed into law by Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D).

SB 152 was introduced by Republican Sen. Ed McBroom, who represents the Upper Peninsula, where home solar projects have been growing in popularity. SB 153 was offered by Sen. Jeff Irwin (D), who represents Ann Arbor, a college town that has led many alternative energy and climate change issues in the state.

While solar home projects have been growing in interest and popularity in the state, Irwin said many people still cannot access them because of cost, home design or other issues.

The bills were assigned to the Senate Energy and Environment Committee, but no hearings have been scheduled.

McBroom said utility customers should be able to “choose where their electricity is guaranteed.” The idea of guaranteed power is particularly sensitive to many state residents given the number of major outages electricity customers across Michigan have endured following several major ice and snow storms. (See related story, Consumers, DTE Energy on the Hot Seat over Michigan Outages.)

“These small-scale, local solar projects will be particularly useful to residents, providing an opportunity to independently produce energy for themselves and their neighbors and providing savings on energy bills for those who subscribe,” McBroom said.

Irwin said community solar projects will give businesses, homeowners, schools and churches the ability to connect to more affordable, locally produced electricity. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, electric bills in Michigan jumped by 15% from 2020 to 2022.

The bills are tie-barred, meaning one cannot take effect unless the other also passes.

The bills give the PSC one year to create community solar rules, after which projects could be established and set up with financing.

The bills also would bar utilities from eliminating community solar customers from a utility’s customer base and require them to connect projects to the grid. Utilities will be permitted to recoup “reasonable” interconnection costs.

March 9, 2023

DOE Clears JTIQ Projects to Proceed with Funding App

NEW ORLEANS — MISO and SPP said Wednesday the Department of Energy has signaled that the grid operators and their state commissions can move forward with a full application for funding from the agency’s Grid Resilience and Innovation Partnerships (GRIP) program.

MISO Vice President of System Planning Aubrey Johnson said DOE urged the RTOs and their regulators March 3 to move forward in seeking funding for the $1 billion Joint Targeted Interconnection Queue (JTIQ) transmission projects.

“We were ‘strongly encouraged’ to bring a full application forward,” Johnson said during a panel at the Gulf Coast Power Association’s MISO/SPP Regional Conference.

MISO and SPP are collaborating on the DOE application that is led by the Minnesota Department of Commerce. The Great Plains Institute (GPI) is organizing stakeholders and coordinating the multistage GRIP application process. The organizations sent a concept letter to the DOE in mid-January that served as a preliminary application.

Matt Prorok, the Institute’s senior policy manager, said in an email that the organizations will begin working on a full application.

“We were excited to receive encouragement,” he said. “GPI, the Minnesota Department of Commerce, MISO, SPP and a number of other partners have been hard at work since January, and we look forward to submitting a full application in May.”

Full GRIP applications are due May 19. Approved projects could potentially be awarded a 50% project match. (See DOE Opens Applications for $6B in Grid Funding.)

David Kelley, SPP’s vice president of engineering, said as soon as the first JTIQ is approved and its process memorialized, the RTOs will begin analysis creating a “JTIQ 2.0” portfolio. He said the second effort will focus on the southern portion of the grid operators’ seam, where MISO South meets SPP’s Arkansas and Louisiana footprint.

MISO has said DOE funding will not affect its and SPP’s plan to lay out a 90%/10% cost allocation methodology for interconnecting generation and load, respectively, for the JTIQ projects. (See “DOE Funding for JTIQs Won’t Affect Cost Allocation,” MISO, SPP Update Stakeholders on Joint Tx Planning.)

The first JTIQ portfolio is expected to support 28.6 GW of new generation on either side of the seam.

Johnson said he and Kelley “bristle” when they hear stakeholders question whether generation developers will bring forward enough projects to fund the first collection of JTIQ facilities.

“We’ve got over 100 GW in their queue,” Johnson said, pointing to Kelley and referring to SPP’s generator interconnection queue. “And we’ve got more than 200 GW in our queue. … We think this is going to fill up rapidly.”

Kelley said once-obvious regional differences between grid operators are shrinking. He said all are experiencing renewable energy growth, baseload generation retirements, rising electrification and green hydrogen developments. “The pace of change is absolutely incredible,” he said.

March 9, 2023

Extreme Weather a Key RA Concern, Western Commissioners Say

While utility commissioners are concerned about variable energy generation when it comes to resource adequacy, it’s extreme weather that’s really keeping them up at night, speakers said during a webinar hosted by WECC.

During the March 2 webinar, part of WECC’s monthly resource adequacy discussion series, panelists explored myths and realities of resource adequacy. The first potential myth discussed was whether the rising volume of variable generation is playing a major part in resource adequacy concerns.

California’s duck curve, in which solar energy drops off at the same time electricity demand is peaking in the evening, was cited as an example of variable generation.

For panelist Eric Blank, chair of the Colorado Public Utilities Commission, the problem of variable generation is increasingly “understood, quantifiable and capable of solution.”

But extreme weather events, ranging from heat waves to winter storms, haven’t been consistent with past weather patterns and are a “new world,” he said.

“I think it’s less a variable generation problem and much more an extreme weather and correlated outage problem,” Blank said. “That’s what keeps me up at night.”

Panelist Mary Throne, a commissioner on Wyoming’s Public Service Commission, said variable generation does play a role in RA. Combined with extreme weather, she said, the two issues keep her up at night.

Another issue is to what extent extreme weather events, previously considered to occur with low probability, should be factored into resource planning.

Branden Sudduth, vice president of reliability planning and performance analysis at WECC, explained that in the past, planning revolved around determining the hour of peak demand in a given year. The thinking was that if demand in that peak hour could be met, resources would be adequate the rest of the year.

Now, Sudduth said, planners are starting to change their approach.

“People are recognizing the need for more of the stochastic planning,” Sudduth said. “Looking at a wide range of generator availability conditions and then coupling that with a wide range of demand conditions as well. And then using those stochastic models to help us identify specific hours of the year when demand might be at risk.”

But cost is also a consideration when planning for extreme conditions.

“We have to ask the questions, … see what happens in extreme conditions and correlated unit outages,” Blank said. “But the question, ‘Do we incur the cost to manage to those scenarios?’ is a much more difficult question [without] obvious answers.”

Electrification is another piece in the puzzle.

“You have to consider it in terms of changing weather patterns and increasing demand as we attempt to move toward more electrification,” Throne said, although she noted that electrification of vehicles and buildings was likely to occur slowly in Wyoming.

Another potential misconception panelists discussed was whether an organized market, such as a Western RTO, will be the solution to resource adequacy issues.

Throne said the impact of an organized market is still unknown.

“We are going to move incrementally, and whether we ever get to a full RTO remains to be seen,” Throne said.

Blank said an organized market isn’t going to solve every problem, but it has the potential to accelerate transmission expansion and lead to better regional planning.

“If it’s done right, it could produce a lot of benefits,” he said. “And if we screw it up, it could create a mess.”

March 9, 2023June 14, 2023

Consumers, DTE Energy on the Hot Seat over Michigan Outages

Lansing, Mich. — After a month’s worth of weather-related outages that affected as many as 1 million customers across Michigan, the state’s two largest utilities are facing inquiries into why so many of their customers were left in the dark and why it took so long to restore power.

The Michigan House Energy, Communications and Technology Committee will hold a hearing March 15 looking into massive outages that primarily struck utility customers of Consumers Energy (NYSE:CMS) and DTE Energy (NYSE:DTE) over two consecutive weeks in February and the first days of March.

The Senate Energy and Environment Committee also is planning a hearing on the outages, but a list of witnesses has not been completed nor has a date been set, according to an aide to Chair Sean McCann (D).

In addition, the Public Service Commission soon will issue a request for proposals from third-party outlets to audit CMS and DTE regarding their ability to handle storms and respond to outages. The audits, ordered in October, could take a year to complete.

While customers of other utility systems — including the Lansing area’s municipal utility — also lost power during the series of storms, most of the affected residents were customers of Michigan’s two largest utilities, CMS and DTE.

As many as 1 million customers were left without power after a major ice storm hit the state on Feb. 22. Another ice storm hit on Feb. 27, knocking out power to some who had earlier lost service and had it restored; it also affected a new batch of customers. A week later, a major snow and windstorm knocked out power to another 200,000 customers, most of those DTE customers in the Detroit area.

Social media accounts across the state were filled for several weeks with outrage over the delays in having service restored. Many customers went more than a week without power, a situation that drew national attention. Affected customers complained that they pay some of the highest utility rates in the Midwest while enduring some of the worst service in the nation.

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DTE Energy called on more than 3,500 field workers to restore power from damage caused by a storm that had 15 cities in Southeast Michigan declare snow emergencies in early March. | DTE Energy

Michigan ranked 46th among the states and the District of Columbia in reliability, according to a 2022 report by the Citizens Utility Board of Illinois that compared the average duration and frequency of outages along with average time to restore power.

The winter outages especially infuriated DTE customers who for several years have suffered blackouts following major wind and rainstorms during the summer.

In Ann Arbor, which along with the rest of Washtenaw County was hard-hit by outages, a city council member introduced a resolution calling on the legislature to help local communities be better prepared and more resilient against outages. The resolution, introduced by Ayesha Ghazi Edwin, urged the legislature to approve bills creating community solar systems as well as letting communities invest more in renewable energy and electric storage systems. The council has not yet acted on the proposed resolution.

Rep. Helena Scott (D) told the Detroit News that the House hearing will look into what needs to be done to prevent future outages.

“We cannot and will not simply accept that this is our new normal,” Scott said. “The power grid and associated infrastructure must be reinforced, updated and improved so that residents are safe, warm and receive the services they pay for.”

PSC Chair Dan Scripps will be one of the witnesses expected before the House committee hearing. The committee has not yet released a list of witnesses, but a spokesperson for CMS said the company’s senior vice president of engineering and vice president for electric operations will be speaking.

PSC spokesman Matt Helms said the audits are needed because “over the last couple of years, the commission has been aware that Michigan’s electric utilities are facing significant new reliability challenges as the state sees increasingly severe and frequent storms.”

Helms said the audits were the first time the PSC had undertaken such a comprehensive review of the utilities’ systems.

CMS spokeswoman Katie Carey said the utility is spending $5.4 billion over five years to strengthen its grid and reduced customer outages by 20% last year. “We understand the frustration that people are feeling after the historic ice storm, and this strengthens our resolve to do better,” she said. “We are open to ideas from the Michigan Public Service Commission, policymakers and others.”

DTE spokesman Peter Ternes said the company has spent more than $5 billion rebuilding its grid over the last five years and plans to increase its spending to $9 billion over the next five years. “DTE looks forward to appearing before the House and Senate energy committees to discuss our shared goals of improving reliability, delivering cleaner energy and maintaining affordability for our customers,” he said. “Our customers deserve a reliable electric grid, powered by cleaner energy.”

March 9, 2023June 14, 2023

Co-op Leaders Share Reliability Concerns

Supply chain issues, the trend toward electrification and cyber and physical security all weigh on the minds of the nation’s electric cooperatives, CEOs of several co-ops said in a media call Tuesday.

The CEOs were gathered in Nashville, Tennessee, for the annual meeting of the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA), whose members say they supply energy to 42 million consumer-members across 48 states. NRECA CEO Jim Matheson said that the co-ops’ member ownership model gives them “a particularly consumer-centric view on how we do our jobs” and a unique incentive to ensure reliable service.

Attendees acknowledged that many reliability challenges are common across all types of utilities, but said the issues are often more acute for co-ops, which can have limited resources compared to larger investor-owned utilities. The growing wait time to obtain spare parts is one such area. Pointing to the spread of electric vehicles and the increased use of electricity for heating and cooking, Electric Cooperatives of Arkansas CEO Buddy Hasten warned that shortages could cripple operations just as the grid is needed most.

“We’ve always been responsible — all utilities, not just co-ops — about keeping spare inventory. But we’re chewing through that spare inventory, and we can’t restock it fast enough,” Hasten said. “I think there [are] starting to be some real chinks in the reliability wall, where [if] the right storm, the right set of conditions comes in, all of a sudden, you may go to the cupboard, and it’s bare.”

Matheson added that the rising consumer demand, paired with the ongoing replacement of conventional generation sources with renewable energy, has also made it essential to install new electric infrastructure as quickly as possible to deliver the intermittent power rapidly to where it is needed. Yet that the permitting process for new construction still does not move as quickly as utilities need, he said.

“I think the electrification push in this country, and retirement of existing assets, shines a much brighter light on the challenges of the permitting delays we face as a sector,” Matheson said. “For decades, people thought that we need streamlined permitting, we need permitting that works better. This time we really do. We need a predictable process — not that we want to skirt any rules, but something that’s predictable and that’s reasonable.”

The conversation also touched on preparations for cyber and physical security in light of recent high-profile incidents involving electric infrastructure, such as the Moore County, North Carolina, substation attacks in December that left 45,000 customers without power for days. (See Duke Completes Power Restoration After NC Substation Attack.) Matheson acknowledged that hardening infrastructure can be daunting because “there’s not a one size fits all.”

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The Duke Energy substations in Carthage (left) and West End, N.C., that unidentified attackers shot on Dec. 3, 2022, leading to the loss of power for around 45,000 customers in Moore County. | FBI

“Every location is different, and for physical security, a substation in location A, compared to B, compared to C, there may be different mitigation efforts you could deploy to create greater physical security at that particular location,” Matheson said. “So, the advice that we’ve heard — and this is the investor-owned [utilities], the [municipals], the co-ops … is you really have to do a thoughtful, asset-by-asset inventory of your system, and determine in each case what the relative risk is and what the potential opportunities are to mitigate risk at that physical location.”

Chris Jones, CEO of Middle Tennessee Electric, said that while his organization has made substantial investments in cybersecurity, there’s no way to know if it was enough. He said that one of the benefits of trade organizations like NRECA is the opportunity to collaborate and share approaches to common problems.

“There’s no end to the amount of money you could spend, [so] we’ve got to weigh this out — what’s the risk, versus how much can we reasonably invest to mitigate those risks?” Jones said. “I think one of the great benefits of the electric cooperative network is our ability to share information and ideas with each other. … These are very difficult and challenging questions, but I take comfort in the fact that I have peers across the country that I can share notes with, and we’re going to do our best to figure it out.”

March 9, 2023December 31, 2023

DOE Announces $6B for Industrial Decarbonization

The U.S. Department of Energy on Wednesday announced $6.3 billion in funding to decarbonize energy intensive industries such as aluminum, steel and cement plants, with the White House calling the new grant program the “largest investment in industrial decarbonization in American history.”

The funding is intended to “accelerate decarbonization projects and provide American industry a once-in-a-generation ‘first mover’ advantage in the emerging global clean energy economy,” a White House fact sheet published Wednesday said.

“Widespread demonstration and deployment of decarbonization projects within these industries is key to achieving [President Biden’s] goal of a net-zero carbon economy by 2050 and will help strengthen and secure America’s global leadership in manufacturing for decades to come,” it said.

The new Industrial Demonstrations Program, funded by the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act, will “focus on the highest emitting industries where decarbonization technologies will have the greatest impact,” DOE said in a news release.

Other industries that will be eligible for awards include chemicals and refining, food and beverage, and forest products and paper, the agency’s Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations, which will administer the grants, said on its program page. In addition to industry, grant recipients can include technology developers, universities and state and local governments, among others, OCED said.

In its funding notice, the office said it expects to make up to 55 awards of $35 million to $500 million each, with a minimum 50% cost-sharing by awardees. Priority will be given to projects that “offer deep decarbonization, timeliness, market viability and community benefits,” it said.

“Industrial emissions account for roughly one third of the nation’s carbon footprint, and the industrial sector is considered one of the most difficult to decarbonize due to the diversity of energy inputs, processes, and operations,” OCED said. “The sector’s emissions result not just from fuel for heat and power, but also from feedstocks and processes that are inherently carbon intensive.”

The latest effort is part of the Biden administration’s push to reduce emissions from “across the industrial sector, including by demonstrating decarbonization projects at scale in this decade — solutions that had previously seemed decades away,” DOE said in a news release.

“Widespread demonstration and deployment of decarbonization projects within these industries is key to achieving the President’s goal of a net-zero economy by 2050 and will help strengthen and secure America’s global leadership in manufacturing for decades to come,” it said.

Buy Clean

The Biden Administration is also trying to build a larger market for low-emissions products. It published updates Wednesday to its Buy Clean Policy, including the start of a new federal-state partnership.

The administration launched the Federal Buy Clean Initiative last year to “leverage the $630 billion of annual purchasing power” by the federal government — the “largest direct purchaser in the world and a major infrastructure funder” — to increase the use of American-made, low-carbon materials in federal construction projects, it said.

Twelve states have joined that effort, it said.

“Today, the Biden-Harris Administration is launching the Federal-State Buy Clean Partnership with commitments from … leading states,” including California, Illinois, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Oregon and Washington, it said. “These states have committed to prioritize efforts that support the procurement of lower-carbon infrastructure materials in state-funded projects, and to collaborate with the federal government and one another to send a harmonized demand signal to the marketplace.”

The Natural Resources Defense Council praised the administration’s moves in a news release Wednesday.

“With this $6 billion funding stream and other federal incentives like Buy Clean, American manufacturers have the opportunity to produce the world’s most competitive low and zero-carbon industrial materials,” Sasha Stashwick, NRDC’s director of industrial policy, said in the release. “These are the products buyers around the world will be seeking in the clean economy.”