The Tennessee Valley Authority board of directors March 31 announced it will elevate COO Don Moul to become the fourth CEO of the federal utility.
The promotion further positions TVA for a nuclear-dominant future. Moul previously served as a chief nuclear officer and senior nuclear reactor operator, among other primarily nuclear roles at American Electric Power, Duquesne Light Company, FirstEnergy, GPU Nuclear Corporation and Public Service Electric & Gas.
Moul, who has 38 years of experience in the power industry, replaces outgoing CEO Jeff Lyash, who also has an extensive background in nuclear operations. (See TVA CEO Jeff Lyash Announces Plans to Retire.) The appointment becomes effective April 9 and makes Moul the second TVA COO to earn a CEO promotion. TVA’s first CEO, Tom Kilgore, was also COO before Congress established the CEO position in 2005.
Before joining TVA in mid-2021, Moul was executive vice president and chief nuclear officer at NextEra Energy, where he oversaw operations at seven units as well as decommissioning of the Duane Arnold Energy Center.
Announcement After Senator Criticism, Board Member Dismissal
Moul’s advancement follows Sens. Marsha Blackburn and Bill Hagerty, both Republicans of Tennessee, authoring a March 20 op-ed in POWER Magazine calling for the next TVA leader to lead the “nation’s nuclear energy revival” and fall in step with President Donald Trump’s vision for more nuclear power.
The senators criticized the utility’s leadership and board for moving too slowly on nuclear development and said they were concerned that “TVA’s next CEO would be hired from within.”
TVA holds the country’s only early site permit for small modular reactor (SMR) construction at its Clinch River Nuclear Site in Oak Ridge, Tenn. U.S. Energy Secretary Chris Wright and Hagerty toured the site in mid-March. While TVA’s board authorized $350 million in 2024 to explore nuclear solutions, it has not yet voted to approve an SMR at the site. Lyash has said that TVA eventually aims to build a fleet of SMRs in its footprint.
“The presidentially appointed, Senate-confirmed, TVA board of directors lacks the talent, experience and gravitas to meet a challenge that clearly requires visionary industrial leaders. The group looks more like a collection of political operatives than visionary industrial leaders,” Blackburn and Hagerty wrote.
A week later, TVA board member L. Michelle Moore, an appointee of former President Joe Biden, was fired at the direction of Trump, according to a Securities and Exchange Commission report. The Trump administration has not provided a reason for Moore’s termination. In a statement, TVA said its board members serve at the pleasure of the president.
Moore’s term would have expired on May 18, 2026. The Southern Alliance for Clean Energy called the firing a “hyper-partisan action.”
The board currently has five members and four vacancies.
TVA Underscores Nuclear in Announcement
In a press release on Moul’s hiring, TVA focused on its nuclear advancements. It said under Moul’s leadership, “TVA is a national leader in driving advanced nuclear technologies forward.”
“Don is ready to be the hand guiding TVA in a time of rapid change and growth, and he will continue to propel TVA’s nuclear leadership,” Lyash said. “In his role as COO, he has led the development of next-generation nuclear technologies and has a deep knowledge and appreciation for nuclear power — the most reliable power the world’s ever known.” Lyash also said TVA hired Moul four years ago “with succession planning in mind.”
Moul said he expected his transition to be “seamless” for TVA.
“We’re in a period of growth like we’ve not seen before, and to meet that growth, we are making one of the largest capital investments in our history,” Moul said. “TVA needs a steady hand right now. I will build on the momentum that Jeff and our team have created — making sure we continue to invest in new generation, strengthen our grid and enhance system reliability.”
Moul told the Knoxville News Sentinel the board conducted an internal and external search for a new CEO before they offered him the job after a series of interviews. TVA confirmed that the offer was extended on March 25 and predated Moore’s termination.
Board Chair Joe Ritch said the board search was exhaustive.
“The TVA board took a structured, deliberative approach to CEO succession — evaluating a strong slate of both internal and external candidates,” Ritch said in a statement to RTO Insider. “The board evaluated multiple search firms, reviewing in detail their process for candidate identification and assessment, ultimately selecting a firm with deep experience and expertise in the energy industry. The board also leveraged a third-party leadership assessment firm and an independent compensation consultant.”
Lyash is set to retire as the highest-paid federal employee, making $10.5 million in total compensation over 2024.
FERC plans to rule on ISO-NE’s compliance proposal for Order 2023 on or before April 4, the commission announced in a short notice March 31 (ER24-2009, ER24-2007).
The announcement came on the date of a key deadline for ISO-NE’s compliance timeline after repeated requests for rapid action by state officials and generation developers.
ISO-NE initially requested that FERC accept its compliance proposal with an effective date of Aug. 12, 2024. The RTO suspended its work implementing its proposal in October 2024 because of the lack of a ruling from FERC. (See With FERC Inaction, ISO-NE Delays Order 2023 Implementation.)
Some stakeholders have expressed particular concern about the fate of ISO-NE’s proposed transitional capacity network resource (CNR) group study, which is intended to enable late-stage projects with complete system impact studies to achieve capacity interconnection rights.
In its original filing, ISO-NE wrote that the transitional CNR study, set to occur prior to the transitional cluster study (which would include all other interconnection requests), “avoids the need to include these requests in the transitional cluster study, thereby creating efficiencies by reducing the number of requests included in that study.”
ISO-NE had said it would need an order by the end of March to align the transitional CNR study with the 2025 Interim Reconfiguration Auction Qualification process, which includes a show-of-interest submission deadline at the end of April. But in late March, ISO-NE told stakeholders it likely would not be able to proceed with the transitional CNR study. (See ISO-NE to Reopen Queue as it Continues to Wait on Ruling from FERC.)
In response to FERC’s announcement, an ISO-NE spokesperson said the RTO will assess its options once the order is issued.
ISO-NE also confirmed that it reopened the interconnection queue April 1. The queue has been closed since June 13, 2024, which is the RTO’s proposed deadline for projects to have a valid interconnection request to participate in the transitional cluster.
It is unclear if projects that enter the queue after this date will be eligible for the cluster, and ISO-NE has said it “cannot guarantee the treatment of [interconnection requests] submitted after the June 13, 2024, eligibility date.”
Alex Lawton of Advanced Energy United said FERC’s announcement “has given us renewed hope that the ISO can reverse course and proceed with the transitional CNR group study as previously planned. Should the FERC order largely accept the compliance filing, we are confident the ISO will explore how to proceed in a manner that causes the fewest delays and resembles our stakeholder-supported original plan as much as possible.”
SCOTUS Declines to Hear Young Climate Activist Case
The Supreme Court last week declined to hear a petition filed by young climate activists who argued the federal government’s role in climate change violated their constitutional rights, ending a decadelong legal battle that saw many of the plaintiffs grow from children and teenagers into adults.
The case was filed in 2015 by 21 plaintiffs, the youngest of whom was 8 years old. They claimed the U.S. government’s actions encouraging a fossil fuel economy violated their right to a life-sustaining climate. At one point in 2018, a trial was halted by Chief Justice John Roberts just days before it was to begin.
Last year, acting on a request from the Biden administration, a three-judge 9th Circuit panel issued an order requiring the case be dismissed. The plaintiffs then sought, unsuccessfully, to revive the lawsuit through their petition to the Supreme Court.
The Department of Transportation’s Maritime Administration (MARAD) last week issued a license to Delfin LNG for the construction and operation of the nation’s first offshore liquefied natural gas export deepwater port.
The license grants Delfin LNG the authority to own, construct, operate and eventually decommission the facility, which will be located between 37.4 and 40.8 nautical miles off Louisiana’s Cameron Parish coast.
The port will use existing pipelines to support up to three floating LNG vessels, with a total production capacity of 13.2 million tons of LNG per year.
Lane Genatowski, who served as the director of the Advanced Research Programs Agency for Energy under the first Trump administration, will lead the Loan Programs Office, effective immediately.
Genatowski first arrived at DOE in 2018, starting out as senior adviser to the undersecretary for science. Before that he worked as managing director of power and utilities at JP Morgan and Bank of America.
Genatowski replaces John Sneed, who departed last week.
President Donald Trump last week fired Michelle Moore from the Tennessee Valley Authority Board of Directors, according to a filing to the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Moore, an energy nonprofit executive initially nominated by President Joe Biden in 2021, was set to stay on the board until May 18, 2026.
The termination came exactly one week after state Sens. Marsha Blackburn and Bill Hagerty wrote an op-ed targeting the TVA board and calling for the Trump administration to replace them.
Newsom Suspends Environmental Laws to Speed Rebuilding After Fires
In an effort to expedite rebuilding after Los Angeles’ devastating firestorms, Gov. Gavin Newsom last week suspended state environmental laws for utility providers working to reinstall key infrastructure.
The executive order eliminates requirements to comply with the California Environmental Quality Act and the California Coastal Act for utilities working to rebuild “electric, gas, water, sewer and telecommunication infrastructure” in the Palisades and Eaton fire burn zones. The move builds on Newsom’s prior executive orders that exempted work rebuilding homes and businesses destroyed or damaged by the fires as well as wildfire prevention efforts from the two environmental laws.
Newsom also encouraged the undergrounding of equipment when feasible.
Senate Passes Resolution to Explore Nuclear Energy
The state Senate last week passed a resolution to explore the feasibility of nuclear energy, creating a task force to assess its potential benefits and challenges.
The resolution establishes the Delaware Nuclear Energy Feasibility Task Force, which will evaluate the viability of small modular reactors as part of the state’s energy portfolio.
House Votes to Ban Eminent Domain for CO2 Pipelines
The state House last week voted 82-12 to approve a bill that would stop liquefied carbon dioxide pipelines from using eminent domain.
The bill would take effect in May and apply to any eminent domain filings made on or after that date.
Six other bills related to carbon sequestration pipelines, eminent domain and the Utilities Commission were combined into one bill, which also advanced.
Xcel to Issue $48M Refund for 2011 Coal Plant Disaster
Xcel Energy will refund customers $48 million for costs related to a 2011 catastrophic equipment failure at the company’s Sherco coal plant in Becker.
The Public Utilities Commission ordered the refund in October, agreeing with an administrative law judge who found that Xcel was partly responsible for the disaster that sidelined a massive generator at Sherco for almost two years. The refund is for the cost of replacement power, which Xcel billed to customers, in place of the electricity Sherco’s Unit 3 would have generated.
The refund will be distributed in April and give back about $12 for the average household.
Evergy last week announced plans to construct a 440-MW natural gas power plant in Nodaway County.
According to filings with the Public Service Commission, Evergy plans for the simple-cycle natural gas plant to begin construction in the fourth quarter of 2026 or first quarter of 2027 and be operational by Jan. 1, 2030.
The plant is the third of three natural gas plants announced by the utility since last year, joining two others in Kansas.
NYC Comptroller: Pension Funds to Double Down on Climate Commitments
New York City Comptroller Brad Lander, who oversees five major retirement funds collectively managing around $284.2 billion, last week pledged to increase climate disclosures and step up investments in climate solutions.
The New York City pension funds have long taken a stance on climate change, divesting from fossil fuel reserve owners in 2018 and becoming the first major city pension fund to introduce fossil fuel divestment policies. In 2023, they voted to exclude upstream fossil fuel investments across their private markets holdings.
NYCERS, TRS and BERS, the three funds backing the divestments, say they have exceeded their interim targets and have brought down their Scopes 1 and 2 financed emissions by more than 30%.
Gov. Kathy Hochul last week announced that the New York Power Authority (NYPA) has acquired full ownership of the Somers Solar project in Washington County.
The 20-MW project is the first to be acquired, owned and operated by the NYPA under its expanded authority, which was signed into law by Hochul in 2023.
PUC Approves Summer Rates, Has Legislation Filed in Response
Rep. Megan Cotter, in partnership with the Acadia Center and the Conservation Law Foundation, introduced legislation last week to create an intervenor support program that would fund customers’ participation in hearings about ratemaking and other issues before the Public Utilities Commission.
The legislation is a result of the PUC approving higher summer rates for Rhode Island Energy, which will total about $142 for the average residential customer. Part of the reason the new rates were approved, despite public comments and protests, is that community members lack the necessary resources to get a seat in the rooms where decisions about energy are being made. The bill would enable individuals or organizations seeking legal representation to take part in evidentiary hearings at the PUC and the Energy Facility Siting Board.
By including the Energy Facility Siting Board, the program would also provide resources to those hoping to intervene in cases related to solar and other energy infrastructure development.
States End Wells Fargo Probe After Bank Drops Net Zero Goals
A group of 18 states ended their investigation into Wells Fargo & Co.’s climate efforts after the lender ditched goals to curb greenhouse gas emissions.
Eighteen Republican-led states had been investigating whether Wall Street banks’ net zero policies violated antitrust and consumer protection laws and restricted financing. Wells Fargo said last month it was discontinuing its 2030 and 2050 targets related to net zero emissions.
Tennessee Attorney General Jonathan Skrmetti said the multistate investigation into other banks was continuing.
Schneider to Invest $700M in US Operations to Support Energy, AI Sectors
Schneider Electric last week said it is planning to invest over $700 million in its U.S. operations through 2027 to support the nation’s energy infrastructure to power AI growth, boost domestic manufacturing and strengthen energy security.
The company’s latest investment, along with previous investments in 2023 and 2024 to strengthen its North American supply chain, will surpass $1 billion.
Hyundai Celebrates Opening of $7.6B EV Plant in Georgia
Hyundai last week celebrated the opening of its new $7.6 billion electric vehicle factory in Georgia by announcing plans to expand its production capacity by two-thirds to a total of 500,000 vehicles per year.
The plant, which spans 3,000 acres and churns out a finished vehicle about once a minute, is currently producing two electric SUV models — the Ioniq 5 and the larger Ioniq 9 set for release this spring.
NERC’s Interregional Transfer Capability Study represents “a crucial input in development of a modern, reliable, grid” despite its limited congressional mandate and time frame, the agency said in responding to comments on the report March 25.
NERC filed the ITCS with FERC in November 2024 as directed by the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023. In accordance with Congress’ order, the study outlined current transfer capabilities across the U.S. grid, recommendations for prudent additions that could strengthen grid reliability, and recommendations to meet and maintain total transfer capability (AD25-4).
After the public comment period ordered by the FRA, FERC will submit recommendations for statutory changes, if any, to Congress.
The ERO’s recommendations included 35 GW of additional transfer capability across FERC’s planning regions, with more than 14 GW in ERCOT across the SPP-South connection and two entirely new connections. (See NERC Releases Final ITCS Draft Installments.) This suggestion prompted a comment from ERCOT, which pointed out that about 32 GW of solar and wind resources have come online in Texas since Winter Storm Uri in 2021 and said NERC’s analysis may not have fully accounted for these additions.
“The nameplate capacity these resources have added to the ERCOT system is more than double the 14 GW of interregional transmission the ITCS recommends for the ERCOT region,” ERCOT said. “The ITCS’ attempt to account for future resource growth on the ERCOT system likely underestimates the resource additions that will actually occur as ERCOT continues to commission new resources at a record pace, connecting over 12 GW of new generation in 2024 alone, on top of the 7 GW connected in 2023.”
ERCOT also cautioned that the ITCS “may be overly optimistic” in its expectations for the proposed transmission expansions, noting that “generation resources must still be available to provide power … over those transmission lines.”
The ISO said market incentives, which the ITCS did not take into account, “are an indispensable part of energy adequacy and future generation growth [and] are actively being examined and refined in the ERCOT region.”
In response, NERC said it recognizes the potential impact of market mechanisms on energy adequacy, although they were not a part of the ITCS. In addition, the ERO acknowledged that the effect of “connections such as ERCOT to” SERC Southeast — mentioned in the report — needed more study than Congress allotted time for. It pointed out the report contains a chapter with areas for future study to understand the relationship between transfer capability and grid reliability.
NERC also replied to a comment from the Eastern Interconnection Planning Collaborative, an association of 18 planning authorities from the Eastern and Central U.S., which argued for expanding the ITCS by “adding credit for transmission products and plans” and warned against using the study “as a metric for determining prudent additions.” (See EIPC: Transmission Studies Need More ‘Granularity’.)
The ERO observed that such a change “would have exceeded the scope of the” FRA and might even have usurped FERC’s responsibility to recommend regulatory action. However, NERC said it would continue separately to highlight the issues raised by EIPC and would urge policymakers and industry to take them under consideration.
Finally, NERC pushed back on a comment from sponsors of the South Carolina Regional Transmission Planning Process and the Southeastern Regional Transmission Planning Process, which between them comprise a number of utilities, including Dominion Energy South Carolina, Santee Cooper, Associated Electric Cooperative and Duke Energy. The SCRTP and SERTP sponsors claimed that while NERC facilitated stakeholder engagement during the first phase of analysis, for the most part the ERO could not engage stakeholders during the second phase “due to time constraints.”
NERC countered this assertion, saying it had engaged in outreach at every stage, including “consulting with transmitting utilities and other stakeholders” in the Southeast. The ERO also emphasized that its consultation process for the second phase of analysis consisted of multiple steps that continued through more than half of 2024, and that the ITCS Advisory Group of grid stakeholders “included two representatives from the Southeastern U.S.”
AUSTIN, Texas — Having ascended to the top of her profession as SPP’s CEO, which she left March 31, Barbara Sugg presents the image of a very accomplished woman who is confident of her abilities.
Sugg served as SPP’s chief executive for five years and was also the first woman to serve as a fulltime leader of a North American RTO or ISO. She guided the grid operator through a pandemic at the outset of her tenure, and she kept SPP’s sights on establishing markets in the Western Interconnection. For that, the Gulf Coast Power Association (GCPA) has named an award after Sugg and MISO’s Clair Moeller that celebrates excellence, innovative strategies, influential contributions, unwavering enthusiasm and dedication to their work.
A 39-year veteran of the industry, Sugg founded and developed the Leadership Foundation for Women, a nonprofit that seeks to equip women for career success. A “proud Ragin’ Cajun” despite her many years in Little Rock, Ark., she also makes a mean gumbo that is the hit of her 200-person nonprofit dinners. “Real gumbo doesn’t really exist in Arkansas unless it came out of my kitchen,” she said.
Despite all that, Sugg battles with imposter syndrome. It is defined as a psychological phenomenon characterized by persistent feelings of inadequacy, fraudulence and self-doubt, despite evidence of one’s accomplishments. Individuals with imposter syndrome often chalk up their successes to luck or external factors, rather than their own abilities.
And that’s Barbara Sugg.
“The only place I don’t have imposter syndrome is at home, where everyone loves me unconditionally,” she told her audience during a November 2024 keynote address to the GCPA emPOWERing Women Leadership Conference. Sugg was initially reluctant to have media coverage of her speech, saying the topic was very personal to her. In the end, she relented.
“The thing about imposter syndrome, it isn’t just present at work. I’ve only realized this in the last couple of days,” Sugg said during her keynote. Referencing her foundation’s gumbo dinners, she said, “Every year, without fail, I’m thinking, ‘I hope they like it. I hope they feel it was worth their donation. I don’t know if they’ll donate again.’
“Why do we do this to ourselves?” she said before asking her listeners to stand up if they were their own worst critic. Many did.
“I just needed to get some reassurance because I have said for years that I’m my own worst critic. I criticize my cooking; I criticize my work; I criticize how I presented. I promise you I will criticize myself later today for this presentation,” Sugg said. “I am my own worst critic. You are your own worst critic. So why are you so worried about everybody else’s criticism? You give yourself more criticism than anybody else is ever going to give you.
“I wish someone had told me that 20 years ago, because it’s so true. I so much fear the criticism of other people that it can be paralyzing unless I can say, ‘You know what? That’s just a voice. It’s just a voice that’s trying to keep me safe, because if I don’t take the risk, I can’t fail.’ Nobody else is ever going to judge me as harshly as I’m going to judge myself. So cut yourself some slack. Stop fearing other people’s judgment.”
Sugg’s comments were met with a standing ovation. “Thank you so much,” one woman said. “I didn’t know I needed your speech until it happened.”
“I felt good about the reception I got from the audience at GCPA,” she told RTO Insider. “Apparently, the keynote right after lunch started with, ‘I also got a promotion today. I’m the president of the Barbara Sugg fan club.’”
During a Q&A after her speech, Sugg was asked how she was approaching retirement. She said she had been going through different emotions about leaving an organization she had been with since 1997.
“Leaving is a big deal, and in my position, not many people leave on their own terms,” she said. “I have a lot of emotions about leaving because I care very deeply for our employees. So, my latest analogy — because I love a good analogy — is that I’ve put my family up for adoption, but I don’t get to pick the new parents. It’s an open adoption so I can still check in on them [and] make sure everybody’s doing okay.”
Sugg told her questioner she believes a work culture that feels like family is “tremendously valuable.”
“When you feel like you’re working with family, you and they will do anything for you. You need help? People are there for you. The competition in the workplace can be very challenging. It creates all kinds of insecurities around you … but to have people that feel like family, that you care about and they care about you, that makes going to work a whole lot better.”
It wasn’t always that way for Sugg. She said no one during her childhood told her she was smart, kind or important. “What a difference that would have made for me throughout my life and my own confidence.”
Sugg found her computer science classes in college to be hard and herself to be dependent on her classmates. She said everyone is dependent on each other within their own “tribe” in school. Sugg’s first job was a disaster: the “first and worst situation I ever saw with women being ugly to other women.” That included her female manager, who would dress her down in front of others.
“I’ve tried to unravel why she was that way, but it just fed that voice in my head that I wasn’t good enough, because here’s this woman yelling at me, telling me I’m not good enough,” Sugg said.
Fortunately for her, she was recruited to the Louisiana Energy and Power Authority by the person she had replaced — “She probably knew she needed to rescue me,” she said — and that led her to SPP and an IT department with about 10 people.
“I loved solving problems, especially with technology. I loved helping people understand how things worked,” Sugg said.
She recalled the day her boss came into her office and told her IT employees tend to fall into one of two tracks.
“‘They’re either on the technical track, where they’re great at solving problems and providing solutions and technology and support, or they’re in the managerial track, where they’re leading people.’ With every fiber of my being, I looked at him, and I said, ‘Well, I totally see myself on that technical track.’ He closed his eyes and he shook his head.
“I can remember it like it was yesterday. At the time, I was insulted because what he had just told me is, ‘You’re not good enough to be technical, therefore you probably belong in the managerial track.’ That’s what I heard. Now, how crazy is that?”
As it turned out, Sugg’s manager knew better. He surprised her by promoting her into management. However, Sugg’s inner voice said, “Unearned. Undeserved.” Sugg continued moving up the corporate ladder, attributing it to luck.
“These were not jobs I was applying for. I was just trying to be the best I could be in the job I was in,” she said. The voice in her head said, “You don’t know anything about this job.”
Still, SPP board members would suggest to Sugg from time to time that she consider applying to be CEO. Nick Brown, the only chief executive most staffers had known at the time, is going to retire at some point, they would tell her.
“I was like, ‘No, I don’t think so.’ I had this image that the CEO is this amazing person that has all this knowledge and well, most of them have really big egos to go along with that knowledge,” she said. “They carry themselves a certain way, and they look a certain way. I thought, ‘That is definitely not me,’ because I look in the mirror and think, ‘You don’t know what you’re doing. You’re not very smart. You’re not very good at this.’”
Sugg said she did not work on her resume from the time she joined SPP in 1997 until she eventually put her name in the hat for the CEO job in 2019. Two events helped quiet her inner voice. She read a book that stressed the importance of “knowing what you don’t know,” and she hired a coach who taught her the power of self-awareness.
“Knowing what you don’t know is not about becoming an expert at those things. The key is just knowing what you don’t know because I can have a lot of confidence about what I do know,” said Sugg, who places sticky notes around her home and office inscribed with “KWYDK.”
“If your self-awareness is high, you can almost step back from a situation and watch it from above, and then you can use that ability to step back from it, to be intentional about what you do next,” she said. “I learned a lot about self-awareness. I learned I started getting a lot more comfortable about being confident in what I knew and being OK with what I don’t know, because I have this awareness about what I don’t know, and I know who knows it. I don’t need to be the expert at these things.”
Having taken a new outlook on life, Sugg applied for the CEO job under one condition: “That I can be me.” During her interview, she detailed what she was great at and listed the things she didn’t know.
“‘If you need the CEO to be great at these things, please don’t pick me.’ I actually said that in the interview,” Sugg said. “I was so confident about the type of leader that I would be and confident about the type of expertise that I didn’t have, but who knew who had it and how to empower them to be successful in those roles. That was refreshing to the Board of Directors, and lo and behold, I got lucky again.” (See Sugg Prepares to Take ‘Dream Job’ at SPP.)
And now, five years later, Sugg enters retirement. She plans to take care of her elderly mother, spend more time with her two grandchildren and explore the “deep blue sea” with her husband. She has been feted by SPP staff and delivered her final president’s report to the board.
“I remain convinced that our expansion into the Western Interconnection and the desire that so many Western entities have to look to SPP for their market services will absolutely provide massive value to SPP in the long run,” she told stakeholders in January. “I look forward to watching those successes from the sidelines.”
Concluding her November speech at the GCPA conference, Sugg told her audience that 2025 will be SPP’s biggest year ever.
“If you really want to know what drives me, it’s making a difference in the lives of other people,” she said in an email. “I’ve been telling people that I feel like I’m running out of time to make a difference, but then … aren’t we all?
Several state legislatures within the PJM footprint are considering bills that would mandate public utilities report every vote they cast at the RTO, with some also requiring a description of how those actions would benefit ratepayers.
Maryland Del. Lorig Charkoudian (D) said she believes there is widespread interest in expanding transparency as capacity costs sharply increase and PJM proposes major transmission expansions and costly reliability-must-run (RMR) agreements with generation owners. Charkoudian has proposed legislation in the past three sessions that would require public utilities to submit annual reports detailing their votes.
Charkoudian said when utilities that are granted a monopoly in exchange for acting in the public interest are voting on those topics at PJM, it is imperative that state legislators and regulators have insight to ensure they are upholding their end of the deal.
“I think that for a very long time, most people’s eyes would glaze over when you talked about PJM. It is legitimately hard enough to understand energy policy in the state … and also talking about an RTO with 13 states and a governance process that as far as I can tell is purposely obfuscated,” she said. “I’ve spent a lot of time trying to figure out how we engage … given that PJM acts as a shadow government.”
By requiring that utilities report to the Public Service Commission, Charkoudian said the legislation avoids the jurisdictional issues that would come with trying to put requirements on a federally regulated RTO.
Exelon argued that the legislation could conflict with FERC jurisdiction over PJM and cause administrative burdens, given that PJM holds more than 400 stakeholder meetings annually.
In an announcement of his co-sponsorship of HB-782, Pennsylvania Rep. Christopher Rabb (D) said PJM’s practice of not recording votes taken at its lower committees — those outside of the Markets and Reliability and Members committees — can allow damaging policies to advance before voting becomes public. The legislation would require utilities to disclose their votes to the Public Utility Commission with a description of how that action is in the public interest.
“Decisions by PJM and its members (the utilities) directly impact our commonwealth’s transition to clean energy and the cost of electricity. Allowing these secret votes with no accountability is akin to the fox guarding the hen house,” Rabb said. “The people have a right to know about the decisions that are being made behind closed doors — especially as those decisions impact our policies and people’s paychecks.”
In comments on a FERC investigation, PJM said there are several pathways to bolster the ability for large consumers to benefit from co-locating with generators.
“What PJM and the industry need now is commission guidance on a path forward based on the record developed in this proceeding,” the RTO wrote in its March 24 response to the investigation into whether the RTO’s tariff can accommodate co-location without compromising reliability or consumer rates (EL25-49).
The investigation was opened in February after FERC rejected an agreement between Amazon Web Services and Talen Energy to expand a data center co-located with the Susquehanna nuclear plant in Pennsylvania, by modifying the generator’s interconnection service agreement to reduce its output to PJM. (See FERC Launches Rulemaking on Thorny Issues Involving Data Center Co-location.)
PJM’s comments laid out three approaches to co-locating load already permissible under the tariff and outlined five more that could be developed to recognize more possible configurations or limitations imposed by state laws.
The existing options cover arrangements where the load is co-located but not sharing a point of interconnection (POI) with the generator; shared POIs where the load is metered separately from the generator; and behind the meter (BTM) generation.
For data centers and the sorts of large consumers now pursuing co-location, PJM said the first two options are preferable because of the high reliability they carry, with the generation retaining its capacity status and the load paying for ancillary service and network integration transmission service (NITS) charges.
Having the load in front of the generator’s meter avoids relying on protective schemes that could fail; provides the consumer with more stable service; makes any curtailment management simpler to implement; and allows for more “comprehensive and holistic” system planning, PJM argued.
The BTM approach was designed for smaller loads with a proportional amount of on-site generation, which is capped by the tariff. Due to the inability to ensure reserves to cover the BTM resource, it can’t be given capacity status, and the load must procure capacity and NITS equal to its net consumption during coincident peaks.
Options 4 and 5 could apply to configurations where the load is behind a protective mechanism to prevent the consumer from drawing energy from the grid if the generator goes offline. The latter also allows the load to request permission to use PJM’s system as a backup.
The two are the only options that allow co-located load to avoid being designated PJM network load and allocated NITS and capacity costs. Ancillary service charges still would apply on the grounds that the generator benefits from network characteristics such as regulation, black start and reactive capability that inherently pass through to the load.
The generator also would be assigned any network upgrade costs associated with its output being reduced. Both are considered “less preferred” by PJM due to the risk of the protective schemes misoperating, causing the load to receive energy from the grid. PJM wrote that there was an event in November 2023 during which Susquehanna had an unplanned outage, and the load appears to have remained online and taken service from the grid.
Requiring ancillary service charges for co-located load was a sticking point for stakeholders considering several proposals for revising the RTO’s rules in 2023, along with jurisdictional questions about whether the load receives wholesale or retail energy.
The Markets and Reliability Committee ultimately rejected an Exelon-sponsored proposal that would have metered the generator and load separately, while allowing the generator to offer its full accredited capacity to PJM and requiring the load to pay for a capacity commitment through load serving entity charges. (See “Proposed Rules for Generation with Co-located Load Rejected,” PJM MRC Briefs: Oct. 25, 2023.)
“Ancillary services pass through transmission lines, not the air. Therefore, cost causation principles appear to support allocating co-located arrangements ancillary service costs (at a minimum),” PJM wrote. “Further, simple netting may not capture the costs ‘caused’ by co-located data center arrangements. Indeed, it is possible that such arrangements (depending on how they are structured) could avoid all costs because they would always net to zero (meaning the entire data center load is supplied by the co-located generator).”
Option 6 seeks to incentivize large loads coming onto the grid to bring their own generation by expediting interconnection studies for co-located resources. The generation still would be responsible for its own interconnection costs, and the load would be allocated NITS, energy and capacity charges.
Option 7 would allow co-located load to reduce its capacity obligation by committing to curtailing when requested by PJM in advance of anticipated emergency procedures. The load would not be included in the load forecast, and it would receive less priority to service from PJM, while the generator would be able to offer its capacity to PJM.
Building on existing demand response rules, Option 8 envisions changes to federal and state environmental rules around backup generation to allow the load to remain online when the co-located generator is required to serve PJM load by expanding the number of hours that reciprocating internal combustion engines can operate.
While broad changes to the capacity market design are not necessary in PJM’s perspective, it said some configurations might require new exceptions to the requirement that capacity resources offer into the energy market. Non-network load cannot be supplied by committed capacity, so for a resource holding a commitment to be dedicated to co-located load, it would need to request for its capacity status to be revoked. That process requires either a FERC order or approval from PJM and the Independent Market Monitor following a determination there would be no market power implications.
“Simply put, absent commission guidance to the contrary and PJM authorization, PJM cannot be in competition with non-capacity backed co-located loads for the output of a capacity resource. PJM cannot be simultaneously responsible for ensuring the energy needs of the PJM region and unsure whether a capacity resource will decide to serve PJM loads or co-located loads. Sellers should not be afforded the economic choice of following through on capacity commitments or incurring capacity resource deficiency charges and/or non-performance charges,” PJM wrote.
Jurisdictional questions also remain, with PJM arguing that some states grant exclusive franchises to public utilities that could prevent co-located load from accepting service from any entity other than the local utility. In some cases, there could be a regulatory gap where FERC does not hold jurisdiction over non-wholesale electric sales and states only regulate transactions where a sale is to the public. The comments noted the residual nature of the RTO’s capacity market and said there’s an opportunity to explore how bilateral transactions could fit into the co-location paradigm.
“State law regulatory particulars may, in certain instances, determine whether particular co-location arrangements will be regulated by the states or permitted by states with a franchised public utility model. As such, the propriety of the co-location arrangements proposed … are subject to different state law requirements that could disqualify certain options,” PJM wrote.
A three-judge panel of the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals on March 28 rejected a challenge to FERC’s decision approving a pair of pipelines being built mainly to supply a proposed LNG export facility in Louisiana.
Healthy Gulf and the Sierra Club challenged FERC’s approval of Driftwood Pipeline’s application to build two new pipelines —lines 200 and 300 — in southwestern Louisiana (22-1226). The two pipelines would run alongside one another for 30 miles connecting an existing pipeline system in the north to the Lake Charles gas market.
Part of the project would run alongside another Driftwood pipeline called the Mainline, and both pipeline systems would serve Driftwood LNG.
FERC did an environmental impact statement for the project under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), which acknowledged adverse environmental impacts but found none to be significant. The project was expected to increase greenhouse gas emissions, but FERC declined to characterize those emissions as significant.
The environmental groups argued that FERC should have done more to calculate what upstream impacts the pipelines would have by spurring development of new wells for natural gas.
“FERC adequately explained why it could not reasonably predict those two factors,” the court said. “As to the number of new wells, FERC concluded that it did not know ‘whether transported gas would come from new or existing production.’ And as to their location, FERC explained that the ‘specific source of natural gas to be transported via the project is currently unknown and would likely change throughout the project’s operation.’”
Executives from Driftwood’s parent company, Tellurian, have said gas for the Driftwood project would come from the Haynesville Shale in northern Louisiana, but at best, that means FERC could tell where some wells might be drilled, not their number, the court said.
The fact that the 200 and 300 lines are secondary to the Mainline project also complicates figuring what sources of gas will flow through them. Driftwood testified that it expects the pipelines will just bring existing gas to its LNG facility.
The environmentalists argued FERC could use the social cost of carbon to calculate the impacts of greenhouse gas emissions from the projects. FERC said it was unaware of any scientific method that could assess the climate impacts of pollution associated with the specific pipelines.
The court agreed that FERC lacked a non-arbitrary way to determine when identified social costs become significant under NEPA.
The environmentalists also argued that FERC should have calculated the pipelines’ impact alongside that of the Driftwood LNG project, especially since they are planned to supply it with gas in its early day of operation, as the Mainline will be built later. But the petitioners failed to raise the issue before FERC, which means the court did not address it substantively.
The environmental groups also questioned the market need for the project under the Natural Gas Act, but the court agreed with FERC’s finding that the signed contracts for most of pipelines’ capacity was evidence enough. The two lines will also connect with different gas supplies than the Mainline, which offers the Driftwood LNG project some diversity in supply to export.
