Page 1545 – RTO Insider

June 5, 2015June 15, 2023

FERC Enforcement Process Under Fire in House Hearing

By Michael Brooks

WASHINGTON — The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission was the subject of intense criticism Wednesday and Thursday as members of a congressional subcommittee considered legislation to rein in the agency’s Office of Enforcement.

The House of Representatives Energy and Commerce Committee is considering a legislative package that would institute a wide variety of changes to energy policy. This week’s Energy and Policy subcommittee’s hearing focused on Title IV, which would make changes to FERC’s enforcement procedures, along with Department of Energy efficiency standards and the Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA).

Under Section 4212 of the title, FERC would be required to disclose to investigation subjects “any exculpatory materials, potentially exculpatory materials, or materials helpful or potentially helpful to the defense” within a week of issuing preliminary findings.

Brady Doctrine

The provisions are in response to criticism by defense attorneys — embraced by some congressional Republicans — that Enforcement has denied subjects due process. The allegations were highlighted in the Powhatan Energy Fund case, in which brothers Richard and Kevin Gates claim that FERC withheld exculpatory evidence from them in violation of the Brady doctrine. (See Gates, Powhatan Say FERC Enforcers Didn’t Share Crucial Info.)

Responding to a question on Wednesday from Rep. Jerry McNerney (D-Calif.) about the implications of the phrase “helpful or potentially helpful” in the section, FERC Enforcement Director Larry Parkinson called it “a pretty dramatic rewrite” of the Brady doctrine.

The doctrine, stemming from the 1963 case Brady v. Maryland, holds that the prosecution may not withhold evidence that could aid a defendant.

Under the proposed language, “essentially what it would end up being is an open-file discovery policy,” Parkinson said. “If you say you’re entitled to information in possession of FERC that is ‘helpful or potentially helpful’ to the defense, I don’t know what wouldn’t be, whether it’s inculpatory, exculpatory or anything even neutral.” He also noted that Brady doesn’t apply to civil cases, even though FERC voluntarily adopted the doctrine in 2009.

These comments incensed Rep. Morgan Griffith (R-Va.), who flung his hands in the air and stood up in exasperation. When it was his turn for questioning the witnesses, he blasted Parkinson’s remarks.

“I don’t know how y’all did it wherever you worked, but the really good prosecutors … they gave you the open file because it helped you reach a settlement,” said Griffith, who referred to himself as a “simple country lawyer.”

“So I don’t understand the resistance. I’m having a real hard time sitting here listening to you talk about how this a problem.”

“This is not a hide-the-ball kind of process,” Parkinson responded. “We lay out in extraordinary detail for the subjects of our investigations everything we’ve concluded, both factually and legally.”

On Thursday, the subcommittee heard from William Scherman, a former FERC general counsel who has led the attack on the agency, making his case in a law review article, Wall Street Journal op-ed and National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners conference. Senate Republicans quoted from his critique during the confirmation hearings for former Enforcement Director Norman Bay last May. (See LaFleur Cruises, Bay Bruises in Confirmation Hearing.)

Scherman told the subcommittee that it was “shocking” that Parkinson would say the language was not necessary. He suggested replacing “helpful” with “favorable.”

“There is no possible way that [FERC] could object to that,” Scherman said.

Commissioners’ Role

The proposed legislation would also allow investigative subjects “to communicate with the commissioners regarding the substance of settlement considerations to the same extent as such communications occur between the commissioners and the investigatory staff of the commission.”

Parkinson said that such a change would “impede the ability of the enforcement staff to regularly communicate with the commission or with others in the agency. It is simply unworkable to restrict the enforcement staff from those communications unless we ignore the fact that the commission itself owns and manages its enforcement program.”

“I don’t know how a commission effectively oversees an enforcement program if the enforcement staff isn’t able to regularly communicate with them without having to put it in writing, or without having to give the investigative subject the opportunity to address the commission in the same way.”

Griffith, however, criticized what he saw as the dual role of FERC commissioners as prosecutors and judges. Griffith compared this to a building code investigator going to the judge and asking how he should investigate and lay out his case against a potential violator.

Scherman noted that because Enforcement staff has regular communication with commissioners, “human nature would suggest that cannot be a fair adjudication. It has nothing to do with the integrity of the commissioners personally. But if you’re told for five years that somebody is guilty of fraud, if you’re told for five years that somebody has manipulated the markets, if you’re told for five years that somebody has unjustly enriched themselves at the detriment of consumers, and at the very last part you then have to sit, where only one party has had access to you, where only one party knows what you’re thinking and only one party has had a free exchange, that is a problem.”

Griffith suggested allowing the commissioners to retain their power to settle cases but said adjudication should occur in federal court “where you can have a legitimate, due process-filled trial.”

Scherman thought it would be a good idea — if FERC recognized that de novo review meant a new trial. “The commission is taking the absurd position that the words ‘de novo review’ does not lead to a full trial, does not lead to discovery, does not lead to the right to confront witnesses,” he said. “They’re taking the position that de novo review is essentially no different than a court review, where the commission gets deference on the record that they built on a flawed process.”

‘Neutering’ Enforcement

McNerney, who noted that California is still dealing with the aftermath of the Enron scandal, expressed concern that the section went too far in “neutering FERC’s investigative authority.”

With no one from FERC on Thursday’s witness panel, Sue Kelly, CEO of the American Public Power Association, attempted to defend the agency.

“I would just note that what they’re trying to do is protect consumers in these electric markets,” she said. “And if you look at the orders that have come out, if you look at the entities that are being chastised, if you look at the behaviors that are being engaged in, I think a case could be made that it’s really important to have a strong enforcement at the FERC because consumers are otherwise going to be taken to the cleaners.”

Scherman countered that “It is easy to say ‘don’t do this’ when your members are not subject to the very regulations that are violating due process. Ms. Kelly’s members are not subject to these rules. They’re not subject to this enforcement process.”

Kelly interjected: “Not true.”

“Well it is true, Sue. Other than [the North American Electric Reliability Corp.], what are you subject to?” Scherman replied.

Kelly noted that there was an enforcement case against an APPA member in ISO-NE. But “generally speaking, we don’t engage in behavior that would require” the enforcement process, she said to laughter. Kelly, however, was not smiling.

June 2, 2015June 15, 2023

Public Citizen: Investigate Dynegy Role in MISO Auction

By Chris O’Malley

A consumer group and the Illinois Attorney General have asked the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to launch an investigation into whether Dynegy illegally manipulated MISO’s Planning Resource Auction last April, resulting in a nine-fold price increase in Zone 4.

Public Citizen Inc. also alleged that MISO brushed aside recommendations by its staff that Zones 4 and 5 be merged due to their concerns about Dynegy’s growing share of capacity in Zone 4 after the company acquired four generators in the zone from Ameren. MISO didn’t want to risk Dynegy leaving for neighboring PJM, Public Citizen alleges.

Its complaint (EL15-70), filed Thursday, is the most serious volley yet by consumer interests still simmering over April auction results that saw prices in Zone 4, comprising much of Illinois, clear at $150/MW-day, compared with just $16.75 a year earlier.

The result will raise annual electric bills of Ameren Illinois residential customers by more than $140, the complaint states.

Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan filed a similar complaint Thursday, arguing that the 800% jump in Zone 4 prices is unjust and unreasonable and that the Dynegy acquisition made it a “pivotal supplier” in the zone.

“If Dynegy-controlled generation capacity physically located within Zone 4 is not bid, there would be insufficient capacity in Zone 4 to clear its local clearing requirement,” Madigan said. “Thus, Dynegy is able to set the price for the marginal clearing capacity, regardless of its internal cost of providing that capacity. If there were no pivotal supplier, one would have expected the Zone 4 price to match the result in Zones 1 through 7.”

Madigan also noted that in approving the Dynegy acquisition, FERC declined to look at its effect on competition and prices in Zone 4 and instead only considered a competitive analysis of MISO as a whole.

MISO had told Illinois officials that the auction was the result of market dynamics, not improper conduct. (See MISO: Nothing Amiss in High Illinois Capacity Prices.)

Public Citizen’s complaint suggests Dynegy could have inflated prices by either not offering some capacity or by offering some of it at such a high price that it would not clear.

Dynegy issued a statement saying it “follows and respects all the rules, tariffs and obligations in the markets and areas where we operate.”

“Dynegy offered all of its megawatts into the MISO auction with no physical or economic withholding in accordance with MISO tariffs and as approved by the Independent Market Monitor,” Dynegy said. “MISO’s Independent Market Monitor has publicly stated that ‘the auction results are reliable and participants’ behavior was in line with all tariff rules and procedures.’”

Spokesman Micah Hirschfield declined to comment on the price of the company’s offers. “As noted in the statement, our bids were approved by the Independent Market Monitor and within the rules and tariffs of MISO,” he said.

MISO said Friday that it is reviewing the complaint and will respond in the FERC proceeding.

Investigation Sought

Public Citizen alleges the auction results “may be the result of illegal manipulation and gaming of the auction bidding process, specifically capacity withholding” contrary to Section 222 of the Federal Power Act.

The group also alleges that MISO failed to make a rate change filing with support for the increases for FERC and public review, as required under Section 205 of the FPA. The new capacity rates took effect June 1.

The Public Citizen complaint does not explicitly accuse Dynegy of withholding capacity, but says it was in a unique position to do so after its 2013 acquisition of four coal-fired plants totaling 3,150 MW in Zone 4. That gave Dynegy control of eight generating plants in Zone 4 with a capacity of 6,000 MW.

Dynegy has acknowledged that it cleared 553 MW in Zone 4 in addition to 1,709 MW committed to retail load obligations. (See Cornucopia of Capacity at MISO Auction, but Famine Could Follow as Coal Plants Retire.)

“Because MISO has no plans to make company-specific bids public, we cannot know for sure how much of the several thousand of megawatts Dynegy owns in Zone 4 it bid, how much couldn’t be bid due to contract obligations, or how much it withheld from bidding altogether,” the complaint says.

Public Citizen said that the Ameren acquisition raised red flags for MISO staffers. It cited minutes from a 2014 MISO Loss of Load Expectation Working Group in which Zheng Zhou, manager of economic studies, purportedly stated that staff “are concerned with Dynegy’s offer strategy in the next Planning Resource Auction as they [Dynegy] are now the dominant provider of capacity in the zone.”

In early 2014, MISO staff proposed merging Zone 4 and Zone 5 to blunt Dynegy’s newfound dominance. The proposal to merge zones failed, “under stiff resistance from Dynegy,” the complaint states. Specifically, it points to a June 2014 meeting of MISO’s Supply Adequacy Working Group, on which Dynegy Senior Director of Regulatory Affairs Mark Volpe served as vice chair.

“His role and the role of other powerful utility and financial stakeholders in the auction’s design and coordination do not lend credibility to the auction process and cry out for FERC review of the auction results under Section 206 at least.”

Volpe declined to comment Friday.

The consumer group alleges Dynegy “had financial incentive to intentionally withhold capacity” by either refusing to offer some units for bid or offering them at high prices with a low likelihood of clearing so as to drive up auction prices.

A UBS analyst estimated that a withholding strategy would generate about $5 million in earnings before interest, taxes and amortization (EBITA) for every 100 MW cleared at auction. In April a Dynegy spokesman said the company expected to make about $30 million out of the auction.

MISO Beholden to Members?

The complaint claims Dynegy used strong-arm tactics to manipulate MISO, threatening that if MISO did not adopt capacity market rules that were similar to PJM’s, Dynegy would part ways with MISO and join PJM. (See Dynegy: Change MISO Capacity Rules or We’ll Join PJM.)

“This fundamental flaw exposes MISO’s political science problem: FERC has placed a private organization in charge of developing power markets, and that organization’s insecurity about member flight results in decisions about rate structures … driven primarily by the need to retain membership, thereby prioritizing power generator profits at the direct expense of consumers,” the group said.

Last month the Chicago-based Citizens Utility Board called for a federal investigation of the auction results, citing significant rate hikes for downstate Illinois Ameren customers.

FERC Split over Previous Auction Challenge

Public Citizen may find at least a couple of allies in its request to reopen the auction results.

In September, a shorthanded FERC split 2-2 over whether it should reject the results from the ISO-NE’s February 2014 auction due to unchecked market power.

Republican Tony Clark and Democrat Norman Bay called for FERC to reject the auction results, but then-Chairman Cheryl LaFleur and Republican Philip Moeller said the commission should seek only prospective changes in the auction rules. Because of the 2-2 deadlock, the 2017-18 auction results “became effective by operation of law.” (See Congressional Meeting Fails to Sway LaFleur on Capacity Results.)

The RTO’s eighth Forward Capacity Auction (FCA) resulted in a sharp price increase after nearly 3,000 MW of capacity submitted retirement requests. Fearing they would have less capacity offered than required, ISO-NE officials applied administrative price rules to the auction.

Since the September vote, Bay has ascended to chairman and former Arkansas regulator Collette Honorable has joined the commission. Moeller’s term expires in June.

Court Ruling

Public Citizen’s complaint cites an April 29, 2015, opinion by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, California v. Harris, that it said found that electric market rates, such as the Planning Resource Auction results, must be reviewed after-the-fact as well as in advance to determine whether they actually produce just and reasonable rates.

June 2, 2015

NH Broker Proposes Direct Hydro Sales to Customers

By William Opalka

A New Hampshire energy broker wants to dust off a so-far unused 1978 state law that allows small hydroelectric power producers to sell electricity directly to customers.

Freedom Energy Logistics wants to purchase power from the Fiske Hydro Project in Hinsdale to power its offices in Auburn, about 88 miles away.

The Limited Electrical Energy Producers Act, which was intended to diversify the state’s resources, is limited to plants that produce up to 5 MW and sell to up to three customers. Under the law, the distribution utility — in this case, Eversource Energy — would only be paid for wheeling power over its wires but would otherwise be cut out of the transaction.

Because no proposals were ever brought before state regulators, however, ground rules have yet to be written. Thus, while the FEL proposal involves only a small amount of energy — 5 kW — it has implications for future, larger transactions.

A prehearing conference May 6 laid out the rationale for the proposal, which is expected to be fleshed out in a proceeding before the Public Utilities Commission this summer (DE 15-068).

“What we would like to do is to say ‘Okay, this law has been on the books forever. And, we would like once and for all to try to apply it, because we finally think the time has come to do that,’” FEL attorney James Rodier said at the conference.

“If other small hydro producers can follow in our footsteps, it’s going to make a terrific difference to the economics of these small projects,” added Cameron MacLeod of Fiske.

Under the agreement between FEL and Fiske, Rodier said the electricity generated by the dam, including any excess, would be delivered to FEL by the distribution utility.

How the excess generation is compensated will have to be determined. Rodier’s proposal would base compensation on avoided costs, the method used by small generators on net metering. “Are we going to be able to spin the meter backwards? That’s a big issue,” Rodier said at the conference.

Rodier told the New Hampshire Union Leader that his company has clients “very interested” in striking similar deals. “But they know there will be a challenge from Eversource, so no one wants to be the ones to go in and make this happen,” he said.

Eversource, an intervener in the case, had little to say at this early stage of the process. Its attorney, Matthew Fossum, said at the conference that he needed to learn more about the proposal’s relationship with net metering.

“We also have some questions about how this would actually work from a billing perspective, and what it would mean for attempting to bill a transaction like this, or some variation of it,” he said.

June 2, 2015

Dumpster Dive Fails to Find Lost NRG Generator Records

By Michael Brooks

Staff members of a Maryland power plant accidentally threw away records necessary for an audit, fruitlessly searching four dumpsters for them, NRG Energy told the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission last week (AC15-129).

NRG’s Vienna plant, a 167-MW oil-fired generator in southeastern Maryland, had experienced an outage from April 26 to May 23, 2014, Christopher Holt, assistant general counsel of litigation for NRG, told FERC. At the end of the outage, the operations and maintenance manager for the plant directed his staff to clean out a closet and dispose of records dated before 2000. The plant’s records policy requires that log books be kept for seven years before being destroyed, but the manager was being conservative in his directions, Holt said.

FERC’s Office of Enforcement had told NRG in December 2013 that it would be conducting an audit of its capacity resources to evaluate the company’s compliance with market tariffs (PA14-1). In responding to data requests related to the audit, NRG said it discovered in July 2014 that all of the log books for Vienna, except for the current one, had been thrown away in the May clean-out. Holt said that staff did not realize that they were log books, which typically record phone calls made or received by the control room, personnel shift changes and reasons for outages.

Vienna’s staff searched four on-site dumpsters for the log books to no avail. They then contacted the trash company to determine where its trash was taken, intending to search the landfill.

“The plant assembled a team to go search the landfill cell only to realize the landfill cell in which the log books were discarded had just been closed,” NRG said. “As a result, the plant was unable to retrieve the log books.”

Since then, Holt said, Vienna has changed its log book procedure: the completed books are given to the O&M manager and placed in a dedicated filing cabinet. NRG also hired a new records supervisor manager, Holt said. The company is still transitioning to an electronic logging system, he said.

June 2, 2015

NYISO: Reliability Concerns Raised Last Year Resolved

By William Opalka

Returning and repowered generation resources and newly announced transmission upgrades appear to have alleviated NYISO’s concerns about system reliability over the next 10 years.

The NYISO Management Committee on Wednesday accepted staff’s Comprehensive Reliability Plan, which is the penultimate step in the 2014 Reliability Needs Assessment. The plan now moves on to the NYISO Board of Directors, which is expected to take action in July.

The report said that fears of generation shortages and transmission constraints raised last year appear to have been resolved over the past nine months. (See NYISO Sees Capacity Crunch by 2019; Tx Problems in 2015.)

It cites nearly 2,000 MW of generation capacity returning to service by 2016, including the mothballed 493-MW Danskammer Generating Station in Newburgh, which restarted in December after converting to natural gas, and the 435-MW Dunkirk plant near Buffalo, which is set to return in 2016 after a similar repowering.

“This 2014 CRP has determined that the New York bulk power system will meet all applicable reliability criteria over the 2015 through 2024 study period and confirms that the initially identified reliability needs in the 2014 RNA are resolved,” the report states. “The NYISO has concluded that there are sufficient resources such that the New York Control Area (NYCA) will be in compliance with the resource adequacy criterion for the 10-year study period.”

Previously identified transmission security violations will be resolved from 2018 through 2024 through reconductoring, a new substation near Rochester and returning generation. For example, the return of Dunkirk is expected to eliminate thermal violations in the Buffalo and Binghamton areas.

Transmission owners have agreed to use operating procedures — including the adjustment of phase angle regulators, use of special case resources and possible load shedding during summer peaks — to address violations until permanent solutions are complete.

The conclusions come with several caveats. The CRP is based on projected summer peak demand load growth averaging 0.83% annually through 2014 and assumes no new generation after 2017.

Risk factors include a lengthy loss of generation or higher load levels in upstate New York, including Rochester, Western and Central New York and the Capital Region, which the report says “could potentially lead to immediate and severe transmission security violations.”

“The projected NYCA capacity margins are narrow in the later years of the study; therefore, a small decrease in the existing resource capacity or an increase in loads by 2024 would result in [a loss-of-load expectation] violation in that year,” the report says.

June 2, 2015June 15, 2023

Company Briefs

PPL on Monday completed the spinoff of its competitive energy business, which was combined with the generation assets owned by Riverstone Holdings to form Talen Energy, a new independent power producer.

The merchant generation spinoff leaves PPL with only regulated utility assets in the U.S. and U.K. “Over the past five years, we’ve transformed PPL into one of the top 10 utility companies in the U.S. and reshaped it in ways that have preserved and grown value for our shareowners,” CEO William Spence said.

PPL’s former power plants in Pennsylvania and Montana are now part of Talen Energy. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is requiring the divestiture of power plants within 12 months of today’s announcement to mitigate Talen’s market power in PJM. (See PPL, Riverstone Accept FERC Mitigation Plan on Talen Spinoff.)

“Which plants will be determined by how the market values those assets,” Talen spokesman George Lewis said.

Spence said the new PPL, separated from the uncertainties and challenges in wholesale power markets, will maintain a strong balance sheet, investment-grade credit ratings, strong cash flow and a competitive dividend.

Source: PPL

Duke Energy to Build 5-MW Solar Facility to Power Disney

Duke Energy is building a 5-MW solar facility on 20 acres near Walt Disney World’s Epcot. The company has a 15-year power purchase agreement with Disney for the output. The power plant’s 48,000 solar panels will be arranged in the shape of a Mickey Mouse head.

More: Orlando Sentinel

ITC Files with DOE, Canada to Build Tx Link between Ontario and PJM

ITC Holdings on Monday filed an application with the U.S. Department of Energy for an underwater transmission line that will link the Ontario Independent Electricity System Operator and PJM.

The ITC Lake Erie Connector will be a 1,000-MW, bi-directional, high voltage, direct current line that will allow exports of power into Ontario, while providing generators in Ontario access to PJM. ITC filed the application after filing with Canada’s National Energy Board on May 22. It will also have to file with the U.S. State Department. Ontario has seen a large increase in renewable generation over the past few years, especially hydro and wind generation.

Construction of the 73-mile, $1 billion project is expected to start next near and be completed by 2019.

More: Transmission & Distribution World; ITC

Duke Energy to Install Battery Storage at Retired Ohio Coal Plant

Duke Energy is installing a 2-MW battery storage system at a retired coal-fired plant in Ohio. When it becomes operational, it will be the second battery system at the W.C. Beckjord plant in New Richmond. The lithium-ion battery, controls and a power inverter will allow Duke to use the facility to provide ancillary services for PJM’s frequency regulation market.

Duke, which like other utilities is retiring the bulk of its coal-fired generation, is investing heavily into battery storage. It has a 36-MW system at a Texas wind farm and is developing five smaller projects in North Carolina.

More: Greentech Media

Berkshire Hathaway Subsidiary Buying More Solar

BHE Renewables, a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Energy, is buying 600 MW of wind and solar projects from a Minnesota developer, Geronimo Energy.

The acquisition includes the 400-MW Grand Prairie wind project in Nebraska, the 140-MW Walnut Ridge wind project in Illinois and a collection of Minnesota solar projects that total about 60 MW. Terms of the transaction were not announced.

More: Recharge News (subscription required)

Farm Owners are Last Holdouts Against Enbridge’s Sandpiper Pipeline

The developers of the Sandpiper pipeline, which would deliver crude oil from North Dakota’s Bakken oil fields to an interconnection in Wisconsin, are suing the last holdout in North Dakota to acquire the right of way for the pipeline.

The North Dakota Pipeline Co., a joint venture between Enbridge Energy and Marathon Petroleum, sued Krista and James Botsford under the state eminent domain law and asked the court to give it an easement across their farm near Grand Forks. The developers approached a total of 799 North Dakota landowners.

Sandpiper is a 610-mile, $2.6 billion project whose supporters say it would provide a safer, cheaper and more efficient alternative for transporting Bakken crude than trains.

More: Star Tribune

Cleanup Crews Still Working at Scene of 2013 Pipeline Spill

The cleanup of a 2013 Tesoro Corp. pipeline rupture that spilled 20,000 barrels of oil on a South Dakota farm may take another two years to complete, state regulators say.

Tesoro and federal pipeline safety inspectors believe a lightning strike may have caused the break in the 6-inch pipeline, which spilled 840,000 gallons of crude oil over 7.3 acres of Steve and Patty Jensen’s farm. It was one of the largest on-shore spills in U.S. history.

“It’s now just become part of our lives,” Patty Jensen said. “They are working 24 hours a day, seven days a week. But it’s so big and it’s not as easy to clean up as they thought it would be.”

More: Bismarck Tribune

IPL’s Harding Street Plant Edges Closer to Gas Switch

Indianapolis Power & Light’s said its $70 million plan to convert the 80-year-old Harding Street power plant from coal to natural gas is proceeding on schedule and should be completed next spring.

The fuel switch, which is being financed by ratepayers through a special conversion surcharge, pleased anti-coal activists who have long complained that the plant was a major source of urban pollution.

More: Indianapolis Star

Iowa Utility Pitches Shares in Community Solar Project

Cedar Falls Utilities wants to sell 3,000 shares for $399 each in a community solar generation project, a novel way to raise capital for a new utility generation project.

According to a presentation given by the company’s business development director, share owners would receive a dividend in the form of a deduction of $1 to $2 off their monthly utility bills. The utility is touting the program as a more affordable way to invest in solar than spending $10,000 or more to install a home solar system.

More: KCRG News

TVA Buys 24 Homes, 155 Acres to Expand Coal Ash Landfill

The Tennessee Valley Authority has bought 155 acres and 24 houses for an undisclosed sum to expand its Bull Run dry ash landfill in Clinton, Tenn.

TVA has been talking about the expansion project for several years but is only now seeking public comment on its plan to expand the landfill. The existing landfill could reach capacity in about five years, according to the company.

TVA stopped using wet ash storage after the disastrous 2008 collapse of an ash storage containment that released 5.4 million cubic yards of coal sludge into the Emory River. Dry ash storage is considered safer.

More: Knoxville News Sentinel

June 2, 2015June 15, 2023

Acciona: MISO Blocking Access to PJM

By Michael Brooks

Acciona Wind Energy USA is accusing MISO of blocking it from selling power into PJM by improperly interpreting a process designed to streamline energy exports.

The U.S. arm of the Spanish energy conglomerate told the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission last week that MISO is excluding a portion of its 180-MW Tatanka wind farm’s capacity from participating in its pre-certified path study process (EL15-69). The FERC-approved process allows interconnection customers to avoid lengthier studies when MISO evaluates their transmission service requests (TSR).

LaCrosse-Madison 345 kV

As part of a generator interconnection agreement (GIA) with Montana-Dakota Utility, the South Dakota wind farm currently receives 36 MW of network resource interconnection service (NRIS) from MISO. It is scheduled to reach full NRIS deliverability at the beginning of 2019, when the 345-kV LaCrosse-Madison line in Wisconsin is scheduled to be completed.

MISO claims that a customer must have deliverable NRIS as of the date of the pre-certification study, which has a five-year planning horizon, for its TSR to be considered. That is not supported by any language in the RTO’s Tariff, Acciona said.

“MISO has read un-filed terms and conditions into the Tariff by excluding customers like Tatanka Wind from participation for a portion of their NRIS that will be obtained, pursuant to the GIA, within the five-year planning horizon,” the company said. “The result of reading in additional restrictions on the planning process is to delay by 18 months after the full 180 MW of NRIS is available to Tatanka Wind the benefit of the pre-certified path study process.”

Acciona also noted that PJM has determined that Tatanka already has a full 180 MW of deliverable transmission service in the form of network integration transmission service (NITS), 108 MW effective June 1 and an additional 72 MW effective in 2018.

Addressing Uncertainty

FERC approved the pre-screening process in 2011, saying it would address “uncertainty and delays resulting from its existing procedures for handling transmission service requests to the MISO border [that] may inhibit export transactions.”

It is one of a number of efforts the commission has made to improve the efficiency of transmission between MISO and its adjacent regions. (See Impatient FERC Hints at Action on PJM-MISO Seams Disputes.)

Transmission customers eligible for the pre-certified path study process may be granted TSRs over the path without the need for a system impact study (SIS).

MISO, however, granted Tatanka only 36 MW of service to PJM beginning in 2016 and delivered an SIS “estimating several hundred million dollars in upgrades” that would be required to grant the full TSR, ignoring the expected opening of the LaCrosse-Madison line, Acciona said.

‘Worthless Study’

“Tatanka Wind understands that transmission service must be provided in a manner that maintains the reliability of both transmission systems. This may justify the 18-month delay in applying the process in order to ensure sufficient time to study availability of transmission along the pre-certified paths. This does not, however, justify an 18-month delay based on ignoring NRIS that will take effect within the five-year planning window,” the complaint said. “MISO ignored the planned increase in NRIS, resulting in a worthless study identifying redundant upgrades no one believes are necessary to support the request for service following already planned upgrades.”

The company said MISO’s interpretation discriminates against exporters, because customers serving load within MISO are not subject to the 18-month delay.

Acciona requested that FERC order MISO to grant the TSR under fast-track procedures.

MISO has not yet responded to the complaint. In an April 3 email included as an exhibit to Acciona’s complaint, MISO Director of Interconnection & Planning Tim Aliff told the company that if it disagreed with MISO’s interpretation of its rules, it should pursue a change through the stakeholder process.

June 2, 2015June 15, 2023

PJM Employee No. 13, Jim Kirby, Has Left the Building

By Suzanne Herel

On Friday, PJM employee No. 13 switched off the lights of a nearly 53-year career, leaving open a position for a mentor, office jokester and Santa Claus.

pjm — Kirb receives a farewell gift from Pati Esposito.

“It’s an odd feeling. It’s not something you can ever rehearse or plan for,” Jim Kirby — commonly called Kirb — said in an interview on the morning of his last day. “It’s been a great ride.”

The Philadelphia native started his career with PECO Energy on Sept. 4, 1962, at 10th and Chestnut streets. That was back when the company was Philadelphia Electric Co. and ran PJM cooperatively with seven other utilities. The following year, Kirb became a PJM clerk, working as a load scheduler in operations.

Over the next 10 years, Kirb went to school at night to earn a degree in electrical engineering from Drexel University. PJM moved to Valley Forge in 1970, and through the years Kirb rose through the ranks to senior lead knowledge management consultant.

He was there to witness the single biggest game-changing event for the electric industry: retail choice — commonly, if less accurately, referred to as deregulation, which began in PJM in 1997 with Pennsylvania’s Electricity Generation Choice and Competition Act.

“You no longer had your vertically integrated utilities. Everything was diversified and split up, and so the membership grew exponentially. Now you had individuals building power plants … Pre-deregulation, you wouldn’t see this.”

Looking to the future, he said, “I think in the industry there’s going to be a lot of innovation in new power technology. There’s going to be a lot of work done on conservation of energy at the grassroots level. I think there’s a lot of investigation going on now into microgrids and distributed generation. We’re keeping up — PJM is in the middle of the discussions.”

PJM stakeholders took the occasion of Kirb’s final PJM Annual Meeting last month in Atlantic City to fête his contributions to the RTO’s culture over the past half-century, presenting him with gifts, a proclamation from Pennsylvania lauding his years of service — and a standing ovation.

Ed Tatum of Old Dominion Electric Cooperative invoked Kirb’s Santa Claus-like beard and belly, joking that he had spied him leaving a set of Lincoln Logs under the Christmas tree when he was 3.

“He’s a wise, wise man,” Tatum said. “What you taught me is when you’re getting into a situation, you need to know your stuff. You need to be technically accurate.”

Tatum said Kirb also taught him about interpersonal issues: That the only thing you can control is yourself and to not take yourself too seriously. “The value of relationships, you taught that to me,” he told Kirb.

Bob O’Connell of J.P. Morgan Ventures Energy recalled meeting Kirb 32 years ago. The two shared an affinity for fun in the workplace. But O’Connell said his own hijinks paled in comparison with Kirb’s, who already had 20 years on the job.

“I was just a mere amateur about some of the things I did in the office compared with Jim,” he said, adding, “Come next Friday, employees will feel more secure in the workplace because Jim won’t be lurking around the corner for them.”

“That’s a bum rap,” Kirb said with a laugh on his last day of work. “I didn’t play tricks. There was no sleight of hand. I’m too big for that — I can’t hide.”

Looking back at his proudest moments, Kirb pointed to the collegiality among employees that he helped foster.

“It’s really quite a company to work for,” he said of PJM. “It’s a caring company, and it hasn’t really changed. My payroll number was 13. There’s over 600 employees now. The overall care for each other and care for what we’re doing has continued.

“You just have to keep in mind that the other person that you’re dealing with is just as impassioned about their beliefs as you are, and at the end of the day, find the time to be a friend as well,” he said. “That person over the table with whom you’re disagreeing — they’re the same as you. They want the lights to stay on.”

There’s no doubt Kirb has had an outsized impact on the corporate culture: none of the dozen employees who preceded him is still working.

As he enters his first week of retirement, the 70-year-old says he has no particular plans beyond spending more time with his wife, two sons, daughter and 12 grandchildren.

“I’m available if anybody wants,” he said. “I’m always willing to talk. I was once accused that I was vaccinated with a phonograph needle.”

June 2, 2015June 15, 2023

Federal Briefs

The Environmental Protection Agency on Friday proposed less ambitious requirements for ethanol in gasoline. The EPA’s three-year proposed ethanol mandate, which is retroactive to 2014, increases the amount of biofuel it wants mixed into the gasoline supply but at levels below those set in a 2007 law.

Gasoline refiners said the proposal still moves more quickly than the market can support. The ethanol industry, which is dominated by corn-producing states, wanted more aggressive targets to get their product into the fuel supply.

Biofuel regulations were put in place in an effort to reduce dependence on imported petroleum. But a boom in domestic oil and natural gas has eased the country’s dependence on foreign oil, and motor fuel consumption has fallen as newer, more efficient vehicles have replaced older guzzlers. The agency said the relaxed ethanol requirements recognize that biofuel production is lower than expected and that the domestic gasoline market is unable to absorb larger amounts of ethanol.

More: Wall Street Journal (subscription required); The Hill

FERC Approves Final Settlement from 2011 Blackout in California

The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission’s Office of Enforcement approved the final settlement related to the 2011 power outage in Southern California, which left customers in California, Arizona, Baja California and Mexico without power for nearly 12 hours.

The Western Electricity Coordination Council (WECC), which acted as reliability coordinator for the portion of the grid where the blackout originated, agreed to pay $16 million as part of the settlement. The settlement calls for WECC to spend $13 million on reliability enhancements and pay a $3 million penalty.

WECC said the loss of a single 500-kV line initiated the cascading event.

More: Fierce Energy

NRC Asked to Review Ruling on Uranium Recovery Operation

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission is being asked to review decisions by the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board on a proposed South Dakota uranium recovery operation. The developers of the project and members of the Oglala Sioux Tribe asked the NRC to intervene.

The developers are protesting the board’s finding that NRC failed to properly consult with the tribe and identify and safeguard cultural and historic sites.

The Oglala Sioux are protesting the proposed uranium recovery method, which involves injecting oxygen-enriched water into the ground to dissolve the uranium and bring it to the surface.

More: Rapid City Journal

Los Alamos National Laboratory Still Evaluating New Windmill Design

Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico are running computer tests on a new type of wind turbine that operates closer to the ground and at lower speeds than tower-mounted turbines.

Johan Steinlechner of Palm Springs came up with the new design, which involves building the turbine just 30 to 40 feet off the ground rather than hundreds of feet in the air. The lower-profile turbines would be easier and cheaper to construct and maintain.

Federal researchers recently announced plans to build a 1-MW prototype in Melrose, N.M., this summer.

More: Desert Sun

NRC Says Watts Bar 2 Operating License Close

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has delegated authority to its Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation to issue an operating license for the Tennessee Valley Authority’s Watts Bar 2 reactor, which is under construction. The vote, taken last week, would allow the regulators to issue a license if all necessary requirements are met.

“The delegation of this authority signifies confidence that NRC inspections show Watts Bar Unit 2 is being built according to rigorous regulatory requirements and industry standards,” TVA’s Chief Nuclear Officer Joe Grimes said. TVA has said it believes the plant will be in commercial operation by June 2016.

More: Knoxville News Sentinel

DOE Kicking in $32 Million to Train Solar Workforce

The Department of Energy said it is providing $32 million to help drive down the cost of solar production and to train the workers needed to install solar systems.

The department said it will earmark up to $13 million for solar workforce training, which would include positions not just in the construction field, but for professionals in the insurance, real estate and utility businesses as well. About $15 million would fund design work on concentrating solar power collectors. About $5 million would be allocated to develop solar data sets and market studies.

More: Department of Energy

NTSB Says Shell Performed ‘Inadequate Assessment’ of Risks

The National Transportation Safety Board said Shell had inadequately assessed the risk of towing the oil rig Kulluk off the coast of Alaska in 2012. The offshore rig ran aground during a storm. The rig, which contained thousands of gallons of fuel oil, averted an oil spill in pristine waters.

“The probable cause of the grounding of the mobile offshore drilling unit Kulluk was Shell’s inadequate assessment of the risk for its planned tow,” the NTSB report states.

Shell said it intends to return to the same area to conduct exploratory drilling, pending permit approvals. The government in May approved its proposal to conduct Arctic drilling.

More: ABC News

Virginia Residents Protest Pipeline Route in Front of FERC Headquarters

A group of Central Virginia residents, opposed to a proposed 550-mile natural gas pipeline, protested in front of the headquarters of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission last week. Friends of Nelson, from Nelson County, one of the rural counties through which the Atlantic Coast Pipeline would be built, denounced what they called FERC’s disregard for the public in routing the pipeline.

“We want FERC and its commissioners to know that we are here this week because their complicity to route the ACP through our home deeply violates so many of our personal and community values,” said Joanna Salidis, president of Friends of Nelson. “Nelson County property owners want FERC to uphold their claim that eminent domain is a method of last resort — not a gift from the government to maximize profit on the backs of unwilling private property owners and communities.”

Dominion Resources, one of the project’s partners, said that it will release an alternative route in the coming weeks. FERC has not yet given final approval to the project.

More: August Free Press

June 2, 2015

FERC Orders Gates, Powhatan to Pay $34.5 Million; Next Stop, Federal Court?

By Ted Caddell

The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission on Friday ordered Richard and Kevin Gates and their associates to pay $34.5 million in penalties and disgorged profits in their high-profile market manipulation case. But the brothers say they will force FERC to collect in federal court, where a statute of limitations defense could reduce penalties.

“We’re going to fight, and we look forward to meeting them in court,” Kevin Gates said Saturday.

No Loophole

The commission’s order accepts the Office of Enforcement’s findings that the brothers’ Powhatan Energy Fund and trader Houlihan “Alan” Chen violated anti-manipulation rules by making riskless back-to-back up-to-congestion trades to profit on line-loss rebates (IN15-3). FERC Chairman Norman Bay, who oversaw the investigation in his previous role as Enforcement director, did not participate in the order.

“The fact that the PJM tariff does not explicitly prohibit round-trip UTC trades does not create a loophole or otherwise render respondents’ transactions lawful,” the commission wrote. “Respondents’ round-trip UTC transactions were deceptive and manipulative.”

The order seeks $29.8 million in civil penalties and $4.7 million in disgorgement of profits.

If the Gates brothers don’t pay up within 60 days, as they insist they won’t, FERC will have to file a complaint in U.S. District Court to force payment.

New Venue

That would give the brothers a new venue in which to argue their case that the trades were not riskless and thus not market manipulation. (See PJM UTC Case Likely Headed to Court After FERC Notice.)

The brothers also could benefit from the U.S. Supreme Court’s 2013 ruling in Gabelli v. Securities and Exchange Commission, which held that a five-year statute of limitations for the SEC to bring a civil suit seeking penalties for securities fraud begins when the alleged fraudulent activity occurs, not when it is discovered.

The court found that the “discovery rule,” which starts the statute of limitations when a victim learns he has been defrauded, did not apply when the government brings an enforcement action for civil penalties.

“The discovery rule exists in part to preserve the claims of victims who do not know they are injured,” the court ruled. “The SEC … is not like an individual victim who relies on apparent injury to learn of a wrong. Rather, a central ‘mission’ of the commission is to ‘investigat[e] potential violations of the federal securities laws.’”

Under the 60-day clock, the earliest FERC could file would be about July 29. If the Gabelli ruling were applied in the Powhatan case, that could mean that FERC could seek penalties and disgorgement for only the last few days of the months of questionable trades.

That would be an embarrassment for FERC, which seemingly left the investigation in limbo for almost two years.

Evolving Strategy

Chen, who conducted the trades in question, began trading UTCs in 2007, after leaving Merrill Lynch, where FERC said he studied UTCs as a tool for physical and financial transactions.

Initially, his trades were based on market fundamentals and models he developed using a “careful, low risk approach of what he called `directional bets,’” FERC said. Most bids were under 100 MW, and his profitability depended on favorable price spreads.

In October 2009, after discovering he was receiving line-loss rebates, Chen switched to a strategy designed to capture increased volumes of rebates, FERC said.

His strategy changed again after suffering a $176,000 loss on May 30, 2010, when one leg of a trade saw an unexpected price spike.

Following the loss, Chen switched to a round-trip trading strategy between the same two points (A-to-B, B-to-A) that FERC said made the underlying trades effectively riskless.

FERC is seeking penalties only for what it calls the “Manipulation Period,” from June 1, 2010 through August 3, 2010, when Chen stopped the trading after receiving a warning from PJM Market Monitor Joe Bowring.

Four-Year Investigation

FERC began investigating Chen and his partners the same month. Over the next three years, Chen and the Gates brothers responded to FERC data requests and sat for depositions while their lawyers sparred with FERC’s attorneys and provided affidavits from an economist and an attorney supporting their defense. Kevin Gates said he rejected FERC’s offer to enter settlement discussions.

In October 2011, FERC said a charging decision was “imminent,” according to William M. McSwain, attorney for the Gates brothers.

The commission took no further action, however, until almost two years later, in August 2013, when FERC staff delivered a 28-page “preliminary findings” letter summarizing why they thought Chen’s trades were improper. Attorneys for Chen and Gates rejected the arguments and reiterated their demand that FERC end the investigation.

FERC refused.

Frustrated, Kevin Gates began planning a publicity campaign to make the case that he and his partners had been unfairly hounded by FERC. On Jan. 30, 2014, President Obama nominated Bay to fill the seat of former FERC Chairman Jon Wellinghoff.

A month later, Gates went public, launching a website that included much of the correspondence between FERC and the investors’ attorneys and statements from academics, consultants and former FERC officials backing their defense. (See PJM Trader Calls FERC on Manipulation Probe.)

It wasn’t until last August that FERC staff issued a Notice of Alleged Violations against Gates and his partners, the commission’s first public acknowledgement of the investigation. The notice was filed the day after Bay was sworn in as a commissioner.