The SPP working group responsible for recommending changes to the RTO’s Tariff decided last week to form a task force to consider developing a payment plan for members who face debts as a result of the Z2 credit resettlements.
Westar Energy’s Dennis Reed, the Regional Tariff Working Group’s chair, said a task force’s narrow focus would help determine the best approach for a Z2 resettlement payment plan. The task force will work with SPP staff and report to the RTWG, which will email a request for member participation.
The Z2 project is an effort to design software that would properly credit and bill transmission customers for system upgrades under Tariff attachment Z2. The problem has been trying to avoid over-compensating project sponsors and include a way to “claw back” revenues from members who owe SPP money for other reasons. Accounting for transfers of reservations has also been a challenge. The project is scheduled to be completed in 2016 after years of delay. (See SPP Z2 Project Team Still Grappling with Problem’s Size.)
The RTWG was briefed on the current estimated cost of creditable upgrades involving generator interconnections, transmission service and sponsored upgrades: $721 million for 142 upgrades, with the costs borne by 68 initial upgrade sponsors. A separate member task force will work with SPP staff to review and verify the results.
Canadian Transactions
The RTWG made slight edits to a Tariff revision request involving future transactions with Canadian utilities.
With the Integrated System’s integration into SPP, the RTO will now have interconnections with SaskPower, whose affiliate will become a market participant, and Manitoba Hydro, which has also expressed interest in market participation. Manitoba Hydro requested that SPP develop Tariff language that recognizes the U.S.-Canada border as the point of delivery and point of receipt for transactions involving Canadian entities.
SaskPower assets (click to zoom).
The revision request (TRR 110: Point-of-Delivery and Point-of-Receipt Transactions at the Canadian Border) will provide legal recognition that satisfies federal and provincial requirements and allows Canadian entities to export energy in the U.S. without seeking approval from the U.S. Department of Energy. The revision would set the energy’s border point-of-delivery at an interconnection between a transmission provider’s facility and the Canadian utility’s transmission facility.
Transmission Working Group
Meeting earlier in the week, SPP’s Transmission Working Group discussed three potential SPP-MISO interregional projects and whether their construction will create new reliability needs.
The group approved SPP staff’s review of system constraints for use in the regional review of the three projects. Staff will identify “least-cost” projects to mitigate any thermal needs, reporting study results back to the working group in August.
The projects include construction of a 345-kV line between Nebraska and Kansas, a series reactor on a 115-kV line in northeast Louisiana and the rebuild of a 138-kV line south from Shreveport to Wallace Lake. They have been recommended for approval in the SPP-MISO Coordinated System Plan study.
The group also approved a flowgate assessment report and reviewed revision requests 67 and 71, Firm Service with Redispatch Clean Up and Revisions to Attachment D and Section 19.2, respectively. The group decided to wait until its next meeting to finalize any recommendations of the two RRs.
American Electric Power celebrated increased second-quarter profits last week, but the company said it still needs the Public Utilities Commission of Ohio to approve the so-called “guaranteed rate” plan it and other utilities have asked for to support its generating plants.
Akins
The company reported net income of $430 million, up from $390 million for the same quarter last year. CEO Nicholas Akins credited increased industrial load, partly from the oil and gas industries associated with Utica and Marcellus shale fields.
He also noted the approval by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission of PJM’s Capacity Performance proposal and said that despite that commission “throwing a wrench in in the plans for at least a supplemental auction being held next week,” the company intends to participate in the delayed Base Residual Auction. (See FERC Orders PJM to Include DR, EE in Transition Auctions.)
The auction, he said, “will ultimately help define the forward view of generation value.”
“The supplemental auction remains important to our risk-adjusted 2016 performance,” he added.
Akins said the pending decision on guaranteed income in Ohio, in which PUCO would set rates for its generating plants to secure the future of those stations, is crucial to the company.
“We would not have presented the [power purchase agreement] option through the commission if we did not think it was important,” he said. “It’s about volatility of electric pricing — particularly in extreme heat or extreme cold — that impacts all customers’ pocketbooks.
“Continual delays are not the answer. It’s time for the PUCO to do the right thing,” he said. “It’s important for Ohio and its energy policy, Ohio jobs, taxes, economic development, and in fact, the future of the generation business in Ohio.”
AEP has been joined by Duke Energy and FirstEnergy is asking for income guarantees for certain of its plants. AEP had another, smaller-scale plan before PUCO that was denied. But the commission has not yet ruled on any of the other requests before it.
In May, new PUCO Chairman Andre Porter said a decision was several months out. “My focus is to ensure that we do whatever is best for Ohio,” Porter said. “Our state will be most successful, in my view, with a commission that confronts the biggest challengers.”
But Akins said a ruling from PUCO is critical for all involved, and he expressed frustration at the delay. “It just looks like it is some continued delay really,” he told one analyst during the conference call. “We don’t seem to be getting answers or schedules or the things we need to be able to get the answers we’re looking for. They seem to be putting some of the decisions further out into the future.”
Critics, including consumer advocates and environmentalists, say that AEP’s plan undermines Ohio’s status as a deregulated state.
“In a situation like this, when a utility is buying power from an affiliate, you have to assume that the fix is in,” Rob Kelter, senior attorney for the Environmental Law and Policy Center, told The Columbus Dispatch.
The Omaha Public Power District’s Fort Calhoun Station nuclear plant was taken offline July 20 to repair a water leak on one of its four reactor coolant pumps. The outage’s duration will depend on the extent of the required repairs.
An OPPD press release said the outage’s timing was coordinated with SPP to ensure grid reliability and said any additional energy to meet customer needs will be purchased through the grid.
Fort Calhoun is a single unit plant 20 miles north of Omaha, Neb., producing 479 MW of power. The plant returned to full power June 15 following a two-month refueling outage.
Cleco Gets FERC Approval for Acquisition by Macquarie
Louisiana-based energy company Cleco announced last week it had received approval from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission for its proposed acquisition by a consortium of investors headed by Macquarie Infrastructure and Real Assets.
Cleco, parent company of Louisiana utility Cleco Power entered into a definitive agreement to be acquired by the investor group last October. The agreement valued Cleco at roughly $4.7 billion, including about $1.3 billion of assumed debt. The acquisition is expected to close in the second half of 2015, subject to approval by the Louisiana Public Service Commission.
In addition to Macquarie, the investor group includes British Columbia Investment Management, John Hancock Financial and other infrastructure investors.
Pepco Slowest Utility in US to Connect Solar Projects
A report by EQ Research shows that Pepco is the slowest utility in the United States when it comes to connecting solar projects to the grid.
The report, sponsored by the solar industry, showed that the Washington, D.C., utility takes an average of 76 days to connect solar projects in Maryland and an average of 51 days in D.C. Pepco said the long time is necessary to protect the grid, but just to the north, Baltimore Gas & Electric takes an average of 15 days. BG&E is owned by Exelon, which has proposed to acquire Pepco’s parent company.
The report shows that Eversource in Connecticut has the fastest connect time: Five days. The national average is 25 days.
Iowa Co-op to Start Charging $85 ‘Facilities Fee’ for Solar Customers
Pella Cooperative Electric, a 3,000-member electric co-op in Iowa, notified members that it is tripling a fixed charge on its bills for solar and other self-generating members, from $27.50 a month to $85.
“I think it is unlawful, and I think it’s outrageous compared to any other RECs (rural electric cooperatives) that I know of,” one member said. That member, Mike Lubberden, was contemplating installing solar panels but said he is now canceling those plans. The fee seems to be one of the highest in the Midwest, according to a policy analyst with The Alliance for Solar Choice.
John Smith, Pella’s CEO, said the co-op decided on the increase after conducting a cost-of-service study. He said the study found that members who generate some or all of their energy – there are only 12 in the co-op – aren’t paying their fair share of the cost to maintain the system. Smith, however, declined a request to show the study to Midwest Energy News. The co-op is giving current customer-generators five years before they have to pay the higher fee.
Caroline Dorsa, PSEG’s CFO, to Retire in 4th Quarter
Dorsa
Caroline Dorsa, CFO of Public Service Enterprise Group since 2009, will retire in the fourth quarter.
“Caroline has been an invaluable partner to me and an asset to PSEG, both as a board member and CFO,” Ralph Izzo, chairman, CEO and president, said in a statement. “She improved our financial discipline and helped us establish one of the strongest balance sheets in the industry.”
PSEG is currently seeking a replacement for Dorsa. The company is the parent of Public Service Electric & Gas, New Jersey’s largest utility.
DTE Energy is planning to build a solar array in a cemetery in Ypsilanti, Mich.
A cemetery spokesman said the solar array would be in a lower section of the property and shouldn’t be able to be seen from the other parts of the cemetery. “I think that it’s going to be respectful, and the revenue will allow us to work on the history assets in the cemetery,” said Barry LaRue, Highland Cemetery board member.
The array will generate about 800 KW on a plot of ground 150 feet by 1,000 feet. The city estimates the facility will also generate about $38,000 a year in tax revenue. DTE will pay the city a one-time $35,000 utility fee as well as a $33,800 a year to lease the property. The Highland Cemetery and the city will split the lease money 75-25.
Dominion Virginia Power announced it is seeking bids for up to 20 MW of new solar capacity. The company said it is taking proposals for solar facilities between 1 to 20 MW that will be operational in the next two years.
It said it would announce the results of the solicitation in the fourth quarter.
Hawaii’s Governor Opposes NextEra Takeover of Hawaiian Electric
Ige
Hawaii Gov. David Ige is opposed to NextEra Energy’s proposed $4.3 billion acquisition of Hawaiian Electric and said he will recommend that the Hawaii Public Utilities Commission nix the deal.
Ige, who recently signed a law that mandates that the state switch to 100% renewables by 2045, said he didn’t think the Florida-based company was the one to help the state reach that goal.
“We are committed to a 100% renewable future, standing alone among the 50 states in the nation in that action,” he said. “We need an electric company that sees Hawaii as the center of its work and the opportunity we represent as one of the greatest moments in history for any utility. We have not seen that in this proposal.”
Minnesota Co-op Opens Ethanol Plant in North Dakota
Minnesota electric cooperative Great River Energy has opened the first new ethanol plant to go into operation in the U.S. in five years.
The Dakota Spirit AgEnergy ethanol plant is located next to a coal-fired generating plant the company owns near Jamestown, N.D. The ethanol plant, 78% of which is owned by the co-op, will produce 65 million gallons of denatured alcohol a year.
“We have found a way by co-locating with industry to generate power more efficiently and with less environmental impact than an ethanol plant by itself or a power plant by itself,” said Greg Ridderbusch, Great River vice president.
Dominion Latest Utility to Use Drones for Line Inspections
Dominion Virginia Power will soon use small aerial drones to inspect its transmission lines, the company said. Several other utilities, including Southern Co., are also using drones for line inspections.
The drone flights, due to take off next month, come after a year of testing at the company’s Chester, Va., training facility. Steve Eisenrauch, a company manager, said the drones will first be used for routine line inspections, but he said they could eventually be employed as damage assessment tools after storms. “When you look at a drone in the air versus a helicopter, we look at that as a safety gain for Dominion,” he said.
The company is contracting with several private companies to provide the drones and piloting services. Each drone will be controlled by a two-person team and fly no higher than 200 feet.
Vermont Changing Way it Gives Out Yankee Decom Funds
Vermont officials are changing the way they disburse $10 million in economic development funds provided by Entergy as part of the decommissioning plan for the Vermont Yankee nuclear station.
Entergy promised $2 million each year for five years as a way of cushioning the blow on communities from the plant’s closure. Secretary Patricia Moulton of the Agency of Commerce and Community Development said only $814,000 of the available $2 million was awarded last year to five of 26 groups that applied for funds.
“We realized the first time around we wanted to be more versatile,” Moulton said. This year, $3.2 million will be available.
SNC-Lavalin Picked to Head up PSEG’s Keys Energy Center Project
Public Service Enterprise Group selected Canadian firm SNC-Lavalin to provide engineering, procurement and construction services for its Keys Energy Center in Prince George’s County, Md. PSEG recently acquired the 755-MW combined-cycle plant construction project from Genesis Power.
This is the third such project SNC-Lavalin has undertaken in the United States. The plant is scheduled to be completed in 2018.
SunPower to Build 100-MW Solar Plant for NV Energy
SunPower has signed a 20-year power purchase agreement with NV Energy in Nevada to build a 100-MW solar plant in Boulder City, Nev. The plant will be the fourth it has built in Nevada, including two at Nellis Air Force Base and a 20-MW plant in Lyon County.
“Today, power generated from solar plants is cost-competitive with power from traditional, fossil fuel burning plants – and becoming more cost-competitive every day,” said Tom Werner, SunPower CEO and president. “Increasingly, utilities are adding solar to their energy mix to ensure their customers are taking advantage of the reliable and emission-free power of the sun.
The new plant is expected to be completed in 2016.
Third Party to Lead MISO Stakeholder Redesign Sessions
MISO has firmed up the schedule for its stakeholder process redesign initiative, with the first of four workshops scheduled for Aug. 5 at its Carmel, Ind., headquarters.
Michelle Bloodworth, MISO’s executive director, said the meeting will be led by an independent facilitator who will share results of a stakeholder survey and engage participants in more discussions about redesign issues.
Later, a smaller group consisting of up to two representatives from each of the 10 sectors will convene to reach a consensus on guiding principles and priorities and initial set of recommendations, Bloodworth told the MISO Advisory Committee last week.
There are no plans to change MISO’s tariff, but rather to streamline current stakeholder processes that at times have become duplicative and cumbersome. The Organization of MISO States, which represents state utility regulators, has been working with MISO on the stakeholder redesign initiative.
While some utilities fear a “death spiral” from distributed generation, NRG Energy is taking an “if you can’t beat ’em, join ’em” strategy.
In Houston, NRG is preparing for solar power and other distributed generation by using a house near downtown as a lab to test new products. The home features portable solar panels, rooftop water heaters and batteries.
“Sure, we might sell less power, but at the end of the day the customer is going to use less anyway,” NRG Retail President Elizabeth Killinger said. “Someone’s going to help them.”
NRG CEO David Crane warned investors last year the day was coming when homeowners and businesses would generate “most of the electricity they consume on the premises.”
WILMINGTON, Del. — Members approved changes to Manual 18 necessary to incorporate Capacity Performance in the upcoming Base Residual Auction.
The motion passed over one objection and 25 abstentions.
PJM officials said stakeholders have expressed concern about approving manual language when some aspects of the new product are still in flux. (See PJM Delays Vote on Capacity Performance Rules.)
They said more educational workshops are planned and that the minutes of Thursday’s meeting will explicitly state that the vote was taken with the recognition that additional details may need to be worked out as the process moves forward.
In separate but related changes to Manual 20: PJM Resource Adequacy Analysis, members set constraints for two limited availability resources that will be permitted to participate in the 2018/19 and 2019/20 delivery years. The constraints are necessary to ensure reliability.
Base Capacity DR is available for interruption every day from June 1 through Sept. 30 and unavailable the rest of the year. Its constraint was set at 8.3% of the resource requirement.
Base Capacity Generation is assumed to be available throughout the delivery year except for one week at the winter peak. Its constraint was set at 18.9%.
Details of the constraint computation methodology were added as Section 6.
Early Capacity Replacement Approved
The committee endorsed manual changes allowing market participants to enter replacement capacity transactions earlier than Nov. 30 prior to the start of the delivery year if the need is linked to a physical reason that would prevent a participant from meeting its commitment. The changes prohibit generation that is replaced early from being recommitted for the delivery year. (See Earlier Replacement Capacity Transactions Approved.)
The PJM motion passed with a 68.8% sector-weighted vote. As a result, an alternative proposal by Baltimore-based CPower was not considered. It would have allowed the early replacement transactions without the restrictive conditions. Consultant Tom Rutigliano, who made the proposal, said that PJM’s restrictions are discriminatory against demand response and energy efficiency resources, prevent resources from following price signals and restrict options for reliability.
Task Force to Study Regulation Market Issues
The Independent Market Monitor won approval of a problem statement and issue charge surrounding concerns that PJM is buying too much fast-responding RegD resources in the regulation market. The initiative also will consider changes to the marginal benefit factor that defines that substitutability between RegA and RegD megawatts, which the Monitor says is faulty. (See PJM Market Monitor: Faulty Marginal Benefit Factor Harming Regulation.)
The motion passed with 65.8% in a sector-weighted vote.
Some stakeholders voiced concern over approving a new initiative while PJM is examining related issues through its Operating Committee and still digesting the transition to Capacity Performance.
Monitor Joe Bowring said it makes sense for the study of market design and of the marginal benefit factor to be considered on parallel tracks.
“I don’t think we can allow the market to be dysfunctional much longer,” he said. “There’s always going to be a million things going on at PJM.”
Added Mike Kormos, committee chair, “We cannot continue to carry as much RegD as we have and maintain control.”
Tariff Harmonization Task Force to Become Subcommittee
Instead of creating a separate group to clean up language in the RTO’s governing documents that is “ambiguous, incorrect or requires clarification,” the committee agreed to remodel the Tariff Harmonization Senior Task Force as a subcommittee and assign it the task. (See PJM Law Proposes Cleaning up Language in Governing Documents.)
Garnering just 59% of a sector-weighted vote, Old Dominion Electric Cooperative fell short of winning approval for a proposal that combined recommendations from PJM and the Market Monitor in redesigning the financial transmission rights and auction revenue rights process. (See ODEC Seeks Last-Ditch Vote on Deadlocked FTR/ARR Issue.)
The committee later unanimously agreed to disband the FTR/ARR Senior Task Force.
Two-tiered Fee Schedule for Order 1000 Projects OK’d
Members endorsed a two-tiered fee schedule for proposed transmission projects. For greenfield projects or upgrades between $20 million and $100 million, PJM will assess $5,000 to cover its study expenses. Projects costing at least $100 million will be charged $30,000. Previously, a $30,000 fee for all projects greater than $20 million had been approved, but planners later realized they likely wouldn’t need to collect that much to cover the costs of reviewing the proposals. (See PJM Lowers Proposed Tx Project Study Fee.)
Tweaks to Merchant Network Upgrade Language Approved
The committee endorsed new tariff language to more accurately reflect how PJM processes requests for merchant network upgrades. The changes address definitions, queue entry, agreements and the capacity market.
Manual 01, 13 Changes Endorsed
Members unanimously approved a significant update and reorganization to Section 5 of Manual 01: Control Center and Data Exchange Requirements, introducing definitions of two major data types: System Control and Monitoring (Instantaneous) and Billing (Accumulated). Changes also update references to OASIS and add requirements regarding synchrophasor data exchange.
The MRC also endorsed amendments to Manual 13: Emergency Operations, including administrative changes, clarifications and updates. The committee added a reference to Manual 12 for member actions when PJM loads 100% synchronized reserves and a reference to the instantaneous reserve check process.
A principal in the Middletown company that wants to build a 63.3-MW fuel-cell power plant in Beacon Falls says the project’s plan will be submitted to the Connecticut Siting Council by the end of month.
The Beacon Falls Energy Park, which was announced in May, will be built on part of 24-acre site near Lopus Road west of the Naugatuck River. The council will have 180 days to rule on the application.
The companies developing the plant have said the project will yield up to $90 million in local property and state sales taxes over the plant’s 20-year life. The Beacon Falls Energy Park will produce enough electricity to power more than 60,000 homes.
Beachgoers can now charge their electric cars at three Tanger Outlets locations in Rehoboth Beach. Each of the outlet stores offers four charging stations. Situated between several parking spaces, they can charge eight vehicles at once.
The charging stations are Level 1, which can provide 4 ½ miles’ worth of juice for a Nissan Leaf in an hour.
The Delaware outlets are among 23 Tanger locations nationwide providing the charging stations as part of the company’s effort to go green. It’s also looking into installing solar panels at its Rehoboth Beach locations.
Kansas Gov. Sam Brownback’s campaign approached a Westar Energy official for cash earlier this month as part of an effort to pay down its debt. The Topeka Capital-Journal obtained documents that show a Brownback campaign operative contacted Westar Energy executive Mark Schreiber two weeks ago seeking help retiring debt left over from the governor’s re-election campaign last year.
The Kansas Corporation Commission is set to rule this fall on a $152 million rate request from Westar. The KCC is made up of three commissioners who are appointed by the governor and confirmed by the state Senate. If the request is approved, about $93 million would be raised from residential customers, amounting to a 12.1% increase.
Asked about the campaign’s decision to approach the Westar official, a governor’s spokeswoman said his office “does not influence the operations or decision-making process of the Kansas Corporation Commission, which is an independent commission.”
Environmental Groups Allowed to Intervene in Westar Case
The Kansas Corporation Commission ruled last week that a variety of solar and environmental interest groups can intervene in a limited capacity in Westar Energy’s pending rate case before the commission. The KCC held two hearings last week to gather public input on Westar’s proposed $152 million rate-increase request.
At issue is Westar’s proposal to create three new optional service plans. The plans shift more of each monthly electric bill to fixed charges, increasing from $12 per month to $27 per month by 2019, and reducing volumetric charges based on consumption. The proposal prohibits renewable energy users from participating in at least one of the options, resulting in higher base rates while limiting the ability to lower the bills through conservation.
Westar said solar power activists, including some from out of state, are misrepresenting the utility’s “common-sense approach to renewable energy.”
Texas Company to Build New England’s Largest Wind Farm
EDP Renewables North America has filed an application with the Maine Department of Environmental Protection to build New England’s largest wind farm, able to power about 70,000 homes. The 250 MW Number Nine wind farm in Aroostook County would be located near the Canadian border.
The Texas company is proposing to erect up to 119 turbines rated at between 2 and 2.1 MW. The cost of the project is $613 million. EDP has been working on the project for at least two years.
The project would also include a 50-mile transmission line to connect the wind farm to the ISO-NE power grid. In January, Central Maine Power and Emera agreed to allow EDP to use a portion of a key transmission corridor known as the Bridal Path, between Houlton and Haynesville in Aroostook County, to connect its wind farm to the grid.
Winslow is set to begin drafting regulations that could pave the way for a solar farm potentially 20 times bigger than the largest current solar facility.
Ranger Solar, a private Yarmouth-based energy firm, is contemplating siting a 10- to 20-MW solar project estimated to cost as much as $25 million and take up as much as 100 acres. Winslow would be the first municipality in the state to create a utility-scale solar ordinance that would create standards for such projects, according to town officials.
The ordinance has to be in place by October so Ranger can take advantage of federal tax credits. The program provides a 30% federal income tax credit for commercial or residential solar systems, which will decrease to 10% after 2016.
Pepco Fights Back Against Motion to Stay Merger OK
Pepco Holdings Inc. says that a motion to stay the state’s approval of its merger with Exelon is without merit.
The motion was filed July 21 by the state Office of People’s Counsel in the Circuit Court for Queen Anne’s County. In addition to requesting a stay of the Public Service Commission’s decision, the People’s Counsel asked to present additional evidence regarding an alleged conflict of interest of former Commissioner Kelly Speakes-Backman, who took a $200,000/year job with an industry-backed nonprofit three days after the vote.
The merger still needs the approval of the D.C., which is set to make a decision next month.
With the opening of a 3.56-MW solar installation built over a capped landfill, North Adams will become the largest per capita solar city in Massachusetts, according to Mayor Richard Alcombright. The town, which also has a power-purchase agreement to buy electricity generated by two other solar installations, says the reduction in dependence on fossil fuel-produced power will save the community more than $300,000 a year.
The solar farm at the landfill consists of about 7,000 solar panels covering about 13 acres. It is producing at 65% of its capacity because the National Grid substation in Adams isn’t equipped to handle all its output. The utility company is upgrading the substation, Alcombright said.
The city is contemplating building another 1-MW project, but officials say it will wait until net metering caps are lifted by the state.
Ameren Energy Efficiency Hearings Begin Before PSC
The Public Service Commission began hearings last week on a new energy efficiency plan to replace Ameren Missouri’s three-year-old program, which expires at the end of 2015. The PSC is weighing two competing designs that have split environmental groups and state government officials.
State law allows utilities to bill customers to recoup the costs of the efficiency programs and sales lost due to energy savings, but it doesn’t require utilities to participate. Ameren has indicated it does not like how the public counsel and the PSC staff want to structure the program. The state’s utility customer advocate told regulators eliminating energy efficiency rebates for Ameren customers would be better than adopting the utility’s new efficiency plan.
The Natural Resources Defense Council, which has been a critic of what it said were low savings targets in the utility’s prior proposal, is now backing Ameren’s plan. Other environmental groups have sided with PSC staff and public counsel.
Rate Hike Would Cover Upgrades that may Have Been Unneeded
Montana Dakota Utilities spent hundreds of millions of dollars on environmental upgrades at plants to comply with federal emissions standards that are now being challenged. If the federal Mercury Air Toxic Standards, or MATS, is successfully challenged, it might mean that the utility’s improvements were unnecessary.
MDU has applied for a 21% rate increase to pay for the upgrades. Residential bills may rise $178 a year to cover the pollution controls. But the utility says the upgrades, which cost about $348 million for one plant alone, were mandated to meet the mercury standards, which are still in force. “The rule is still in effect,” MDU Spokesman Mark Hanson said. “We still have a deadline to meet. It’s tough to run your business when you don’t know what the rules are.”
The Montana Public Service Commission has not yet granted the increase. “Twenty-one percent is a large increase, and it’s very rare to see an increase from our large utilities that’s in the double digits,” Commissioner Travis Kavulla said.
Nebraska’s Wind Energy Catching Up with Other States
Timothy Texel, executive director and general counsel of the Nebraska Power Review Board, says the state had only three wind turbines generating 2 MW of power when he first joined the regulatory body in 1998. Speaking to the Grand Island Rotary Club last week, Texel said Nebraska now has 475 wind turbines capable of generating 801 MW at 16 separate wind farms.
“We have more wind turbines than people think, but they’re mostly in remote location where people never see them,” he said. Texel said recent regulatory changes have allowed private entities to build “energy export facilities” that can generate power for utilities in other states. He said the expense of building transmission lines is an issue — only one such line has been built since 2010 — but SPP’s cost-allocation process could lead to power being exported through the RTO.
The Logan County Board approved a $400 million wind project after the owners made changes to address earlier board concerns.
The Meridien Project, an 81-turbine wind farm, is being built by Relight U.S. The board deadlocked 6-6 when it voted on the project initially. The new plan addresses noise levels, increases setback distances, pays out more money for community projects and sets up a decommissioning plan. The board voted 8-4 to approve it this time.
The project has been in the planning stages since 2007. One board member said she hoped the latest vote would allow all residents to move forward. “I would encourage everyone on both sides to really put the differences behind and to move forward and not let this have a long time of festering, because that would be a negative for the entire community,” she said.
The New Hampshire Public Utilities Commission announced that the Renewable Energy Fund is running out of money, and the state has put a freeze on new applications for solar, biomass and other renewable subsidies.
The fund had only collected $4.3 million in 2014 to pay for 2015 projects. Adding to the stress on the fund was a decision by legislative budget writers to raid the fund for $2.2 million over the next two years to make up the amount the now closed Vermont Yankee nuclear plant paid to finance the state Department of Homeland Security.
The state Board of Public Utilities is continuing to review utility response to a June 23 storm that left more than 400,000 residents without power.
The “macroburst” thunderstorms brought winds of up to 85 mph in Gloucester and Camden counties, hitting customers of Atlantic City Electric hardest and causing extensive damage to the utility’s infrastructure, according to the BPU.
The company reported that 17 transmission circuits and five substations were knocked out of service. The utility, owned by Pepco Holdings, had to replace transmission towers and distribution poles and rebuild thousands of feet of cable. For at least twelve hours after the storm hit, ACE was forced to revert to radios and manual processes to dispatch crews, as its mobile-data terminals failed.
New York’s top fiscal officer criticized Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo’s 2013 LIPA Reform Act in a report that says the law has left customers facing higher electric bills, increasing debt and less transparency from the utility.
State Comptroller Thomas DiNapoli raised questions about provisions in the law and PSEG Long Island’s contract to manage the distribution company, which stripped away mechanisms for oversight of the utility even as it created a new oversight agency — the Long Island office of the state Department of Public Service.
DiNapoli’s report found that LIPA customers now are facing higher bills “with new categories of charges as well as a proposed three-year rate increase, and bearing a debt burden that is projected to increase” to $8.3 billion by 2018. The report notes that the proposed 3.2% three-year rate hike by PSEG and LIPA “represents the largest rate increase LIPA ratepayers have faced” since LIPA took over from LILCO in 1998.
NYISO Board Approves Comprehensive Reliability Plan
The NYISO Board of Directors has approved the 2014 Comprehensive Reliability Plan for New York’s bulk power system. The plan concludes that the system will meet all applicable reliability criteria under expected system conditions during the study period (2015-2024), and confirms that the reliability needs initially identified in the 2014 Reliability Needs Assessment are being resolved. (See NYISO: Reliability Concerns Raised Last Year Resolved.)
“The NYISO’s comprehensive planning process works in conjunction with our markets that are designed to send price signals for entry of resources that sustain and enhance reliability,” NYISO President and CEO Stephen G. Whitley said in a statement. “The new capacity zone in the Lower Hudson Valley played a critical role in motivating suppliers to maintain existing resources and install new resources needed for system reliability.”
The New York Power Authority is playing a growing role in the Buffalo Niagara region’s economic development. The Power Authority is providing most of the $5 million funding for the 43North business plan competition, which announced recently it had attracted more than 3,000 qualified entrants.
Similar initiatives, some stemming from the agency’s 2007 relicensing agreement for the Niagara Power Project, have helped fund the Canalside project and subsidize dozens of local businesses through allocations of low-cost hydropower from the Lewiston plant.
“Think of it as a dividend,” Gil C. Quiniones, the Power Authority’s president and CEO, said during a meeting with editors and reporters of The Buffalo News.
Target filed an application to install solar arrays on eight more stores in North Carolina, bringing its total to 27 rooftop solar projects in the state.
According to filings with the North Carolina Utilities Commission, Target plans to invest about $22 million to complete the installations.
Pipeline Company Changes Route to Reduce Environmental Impact
The North Dakota Public Service Commission has approved 29 changes to a crude-oil pipeline route to reduce possible environmental impacts.
Sacagawea Pipeline Co. applied in March for approval of a 16-inch crude-oil pipeline that would run from McKenzie County to a rail terminal in Montrail County. Part of the $100 million pipeline will cross Lake Sakakawea. The company appeared before the commission last week to file for the changes, which it said were designed to minimize any environmental impacts.
The pipeline has a maximum capacity of 200,000 barrels a day.
A Shell Chemicals ethane plant proposed for Western Pennsylvania would generate all of its own electricity – more than 100 MW – and then some, according to the Associated Press.
The plant, proposed for Beaver County, would use natural gas-fired cogeneration on-site to create steam and electricity, with any excess power to be sold for use on the regional grid.
Shell, which paid $13.5 million for the former zinc smelting site, has not confirmed it will build the multi-billion-dollar facility.
Entergy Texas has filed a motion with the Public Utility Commission of Texas to dismiss the company’s application to purchase one of the four 495-MW generating units at the Union Power Station in southern Arkansas. The motion, if approved, would allow the unit to instead be acquired by Entergy New Orleans for $237 million, subject to the New Orleans City Council’s approval. The purchase is expected to close later this year.
Union Power is a 1,980-MW generating facility consisting of four combined-cycle natural gas-fired generating units. Under the original agreement, Entergy New Orleans agreed to buy 20% of the power generated by the two natural gas-fired units purchased by Entergy Gulf States. The company will purchase one of the Union Power Station units in lieu of the purchased power agreement. Entergy Gulf States will still purchase two of the generating unit and Entergy Arkansas will buy the remaining unit.
While New Orleans Entergy customers will now absorb a larger share of the purchase’s cost, Entergy New Orleans President and CEO Charles Rice said the deal “is an ideal way” to meet the city’s need for additional generation at “half the cost of building a comparable new unit.”
The Public Utilities Board granted Manitoba Hydro a rate increase of nearly 4%, a large part of which will go toward paying for its Bipole III transmission project. The 3.95% rate increase goes into effect Aug. 1.
Bipole III is a $4.6 billion transmission line project designed to deliver power from northern generating stations to southern Manitoba and for export to the United States.
Manitoba Hydro said it is on track to spend about $20 billion over the next 10 years on system improvements, including the Bipole III project. The utility said it would need to increase rates nearly 42% over the next 10 years to finance the improvements.
NYISO told the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission last week it does not plan to make any changes in its day-ahead schedule to comply with FERC Order 809, which adjusted the gas market schedule.
In a July 23 filing, NYISO said the existing day-ahead schedule satisfies the timing requirements directed by the order, which moved the timely nomination cycle deadline for gas to 1 p.m. CT from 11:30 a.m. and added a third intraday nomination cycle (EL14-26).
FERC required RTOs and ISOs to adjust the posting of their day-ahead energy market and reliability unit commitment process results “sufficiently in advance” of the revised gas cycles, or explain why it is not suitable for their markets. (See FERC Approves Final Rule on Gas-Electric Coordination.)
The ISO said it posts its day-ahead schedules by 11 a.m. ET (10 a.m. CT) and that day-ahead reliability unit commitments are posted at the same time as successful day-ahead economic bids, giving generators at least one and a half hours before the nomination deadline for the existing timely nomination. “After Order 809 becomes effective, and the nomination deadline for the timely nomination cycle moves to 1 p.m. CT, the NYISO will be notifying electric generators of their day-ahead schedules at least three hours before the timely nomination cycle deadline,” the ISO said.
Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan last week joined industrial consumers in calling for changes to MISO’s capacity auction rules, while the RTO defended itself, in filings with federal regulators.
Madigan
MISO’s rules “are no longer just and reasonable and require modification,” Madigan said in comments filed July 20 with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (EL15-82). Madigan said last week that she supports proposals the Illinois Industry Energy Consumers made in a June 30 filing.
In May, the attorney general and Public Citizen filed complaints asking FERC to investigate Dynegy’s bidding behavior in April’s Planning Resource Auction, which resulted in a nine-fold price increase for Zone 4 (EL15-70).
IIEC said last May’s auction — which saw Zone 4 clear at $150/MW-day compared with just $16.76 a year earlier — will cost Illinois industrial companies $1.6 million each, on average. Madigan said the dramatic swing in auction prices also hurts Illinois’ residential ratepayers.
“While the people did not propose specific Tariff changes in their complaint, the changes recommended by IIEC address some of the issues raised in the people’s complaint and are necessary revisions to ameliorate the effects of market power in the MISO zones, and particularly in Zone 4,” Madigan said.
Industrials and Madigan say the idea that Dynegy’s bids are justified by the opportunity cost of selling power into PJM is specious. IECC said there is little transmission capacity and “very few” bilateral sales between MISO and PJM. That, Madigan said, calls “into question the existence of the opportunity to sell to PJM at the prices reflected in the initial reference level.”
The initial reference level is set “as if there were no limits on the transmission of MISO-generated megawatts in the PJM areas,” Madigan said.
Citing FERC’s Electric Quarterly Reports, consultant Robert McCullough, a witness for the state, said that prices of the few bilateral sales from MISO to PJM were low — with one at only $1.09/MW-day.
MISO Response
In a response filed July 20 (EL15-82), MISO said the IIEC comments “misapprehend” the concept of opportunity costs.
MISO said IIEC suggests that the RTO may only calculate an opportunity cost prior to the PRA based upon “having perfect knowledge” — not only of resources’ bids into MISO’s auction, but also of bids into PJM’s market.
“Then, MISO is somehow expected to create a clearing price for markets in both PJM and MISO based upon such perfect knowledge,” MISO shot back. “Obviously, this standard is impossible to meet and unnecessary to properly estimate a supplier’s opportunity cost.”
MISO also countered that IIEC’s proposal would result in double-counting resources and incentivize suppliers to not make offers into MISO, “which will lead to a less robust market and potentially higher prices.”
Confidentiality Needed
IIEC and Madigan said FERC should also reconsider how the initial reference level is communicated to generators. In Illinois’ auctions for default electric service, the market administrator determines a benchmark price, but it is kept confidential so that bidders base their offers on their own costs rather than pegging them to a higher level, Madigan said.
“In revising the MISO Tariff, the commission should require that the reference level be maintained as confidential so that bidders cannot structure their bids around the reference level,” Madigan said. “While a reference price that is properly established may be a useful tool to address market power, MISO’s Tariff perverts the role of the reference price from a meaningful cap to an instrument of market power.”
Counter-Flow Concerns
Finally, the attorney general supports another revision to MISO’s Tariff recommended by IIEC: reducing the local clearing requirement (LCR) by the amount of capacity exported into a neighboring market. They say that an LCR that is too high creates more opportunity for a large generator to exercise market power.
Madigan cited the Independent Market Monitor’s 2014 State of the Market report, which stated that the binding of the LCR in Zone 4 was impacted by about 1,200 MW exported from Zone 4 to PJM. The Monitor recommended that MISO file Tariff revisions to treat local capacity exports “as creating counter flow over the interface” into the zone.
“This would cause the capacity to be replaced by the lowest-cost capacity from any area in MISO, rather than requiring that additional capacity be procured from within the zone,” the Monitor wrote.
IIEC filed testimony claiming that if the 1,200 MW of exported capacity had been excluded from the LCR, the pivotal supplier’s opportunity to exercise market power would have been limited to $8/MW-day, compared to the $150/MW-day Dynegy received in the April auction.
‘Simply Incorrect’
MISO countered that IIEC “is simply incorrect” in stating that MISO fails to account for counter flows when it calculates each zone’s LCR. MISO said it has properly accounted for resources in one zone that are sold into another capacity market when it calculates each zone’s capacity import limit, which is used to establish the LCRs.
Subsequently counting zonal resource credits again when calculating the LCR would amount to double-counting a resource, MISO said.
“Artificially lowering the local clearing requirement would threaten resource adequacy in the MISO region and unjustly and unreasonably suppress capacity prices,” the RTO said.
Original Complaint
Meanwhile, the attorney general and Public Citizen have made filings asking FERC not to dismiss the complaints they filed in May, as Dynegy, NRG Energy and the Electric Power Supply Association have requested.
The New York Public Service Commission has come out against the New York Power Authority’s bid for a nearly 10% increase in its transmission rates, saying its requests for an adder for ISO participation and use of a 60% equity capital structure are excessive.
The Power Authority asked the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission on June 2 for approval of a formula rate including a 50-basis-point adder to its return on equity for participation in NYISO and permission to base its ROE on a capital structure with 60% equity. It also sought recovery of its costs for a transmission project to address reliability concerns if the Indian Point nuclear power plant is closed.
The proposal, which includes a base ROE of 8.85%, would increase the organization’s annual transmission revenue requirement by approximately 9.6%, from $175.5 million to $192.4 million, effective Sept. 1.
The PSC said in a filing last week that the adder for participation in NYISO “is unnecessary and unwarranted” because the authority has already agreed to turn operational control of its transmission facilities over to the ISO (ER15-2102).
Regulators said the requested capital structure also is excessive and unnecessary “since a 50% equity ratio would adequately balance collections from customers and ensure that the utility has access to capital markets at reasonable terms.”
The PSC also said FERC should defer action on proposed performance-based incentives regarding the Marcy-South Series Compensation (MSSC) project, pending resolution of settlement discussions in a separate docket.
ISO Participation Adder
The NYPSC said the ROE adder for participation in NYISO is unnecessary.
The PSC said it supports ROE incentive adders “that truly provide consumer benefits, such as encouraging the use of innovative technologies or providing congestion relief. … An additional incentive for NYISO participation is not justified where the commission’s goals of incentivizing the creation of the NYISO and transferring operational control of their transmission facilities to the NYISO have already been achieved. Awarding NYPA an ROE incentive for what it must do in any event is not warranted since the incentive will have no effect on its behavior.”
Capital Structure
The PSC also said NYPA’s equity ratio should be limited to 50%, consistent with utilities similar to the authority.
The PSC said ratepayers would also pay excessive costs to maintain NYPA’s “exceedingly strong” credit rating. Its equity ratio as of 2014 was 76.4%. The PSC notes that Moody’s Investors Service has called the authority’s debt ratio “one of the lowest of any major U.S. public power electric utility with generation.”
The PSC said the authority’s proposal to cap its equity at 60% “incorrectly suggests that the costs associated with maintaining these high-end financial metrics do not come at an increased cost to ratepayers, relative to investor-owned utilities.”
“While NYPA has certain tax advantages over investor-owned utilities, having financial ratios in the Aaa-range come at a cost to ratepayers due to an overall increase in equity costs. All else equal, NYPA could collect less from ratepayers while maintaining its metrics in the ‘Aa’ range. … Slightly lower credit metrics, due to a lower equity ratio, will in no way hinder NYPA’s ability to raise capital on reasonable terms.”
Marcy-South
The PSC also challenged as “premature” the authority’s request for recovery of its costs if the Marcy-South project is abandoned for reasons outside the NYPA’s control.
The MSSC project is one of the Transmission Owner Transmission Solutions (TOTS) projects being developed by the authority and New York Transmission Co. as a result of recent PSC proceedings to address reliability concerns over the potential retirement of Indian Point.
The authority said it intended to “include the same risk-sharing or performance-based incentive components that are ultimately agreed to by the NY Transco in Docket No. ER15-572 with respect to future competitive projects.”
The PSC said that because of the overlapping issues between the two dockets, FERC should defer the issue pending the outcome of the NY Transco proceeding.
PJM will delay the transition auctions for the new Capacity Performance regime to comply with a Federal Energy Regulatory Commission order that the RTO include demand response and energy efficiency.
FERC ruled 4-1 late Wednesday that the auctions, which were set to begin July 27, would not be just and reasonable without permitting DR and EE resources to participate. PJM must make a filing within 15 days describing how it will comply with the order and setting a new schedule.
The commission ruled in response to a joint complaint by the PJM Industrial Customer Coalition, environmentalists and regulators or consumer advocates from Delaware, D.C., New Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Illinois and West Virginia. A coalition of DR providers had filed a separate challenge to PJM’s exclusion.
New Schedule
Stu Bresler, senior vice president of market services, told the Markets and Reliability Committee on Thursday morning that the RTO will schedule the transition auctions after the Base Residual Auction Aug. 10-14.
The transition auction for 2016/17 had been set for July 27-28 and that for 2017/18 for Aug. 3-4. In a filing Tuesday, PJM set the 2016/17 auction for Aug. 26-27, with results posting on Aug. 31. The transition auction for the 2017/18 delivery year will be held Sept. 3-4, with results posted on Sept. 9.
PJM had said the transition auctions were designed to “provide a glide path” for generation resources that needed time to make investments to meet Capacity Performance requirements and were not necessary for other resources. PJM also said it was concerned about the continuing uncertainty following the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeal’s EPSA ruling voiding FERC Order 745, which set compensation rules for the resource in RTO energy markets.
FERC said, however, that Tariff provisions barring DR and other non-generation resources from participating in the transition auctions were “unduly discriminatory as applied to technically capable resources willing to perform as a Capacity Performance resource” (ER15-623, EL15-29).
Similarly Situated
“PJM has failed to provide an adequate explanation … as to how non-generation resources are not similarly situated to generation capacity resources for purposes of providing the capacity services PJM plans to procure through the transition auctions,” FERC continued.
The commission rejected PJM’s argument that participation in the transition auctions should be limited to resources that need to make investments to meet performance and fuel assurance requirements. “The purpose of the transition auctions is to procure a more reliable portfolio of capacity resources, and we see no basis for excluding non-generation resources capable of providing that service from participating,” the commission said.
FERC also dismissed PJM’s attempt to justify the prohibition on DR on the uncertainty over FERC’s jurisdiction. The commission’s appeal of the EPSA ruling is now pending before the Supreme Court.
The commission noted that it had previously rejected similar arguments as premature. It also observed that DR and EE resources selected in prior auctions are still expected to deliver on their capacity commitments. (See FERC: PJM Demand Response Stop-gap Measure ‘Premature.’)
The commission said PJM must file revisions to Attachment DD of its Tariff to allow all resources that qualify as Capacity Performance to participate in the transition auctions.
In its response to the complainants, PJM offered two alternatives for including DR and EE in the auctions, saying the “less risky” option would be to limit participation to previously cleared resources.
FERC said neither option was sufficient because they would bar participation in the auctions by DR and EE that did not previously submit sell offers for the delivery year.
“PJM’s current [Tariff] does not place such restrictions on generation capacity resources, and the commission finds that PJM has failed to support a disparate treatment of other Capacity Performance resources in its proposed alternatives,” FERC said.
Dissent
Commissioner Tony Clark dissented, saying the order was improper procedurally because the commission had previously approved “unambiguous” Tariff language barring DR and EE from the auctions.
“It is not PJM’s burden to now prove that an already agreed on transition incremental auction methodology is just and reasonable. Rather, it is complainants’ burden to explain why now, just weeks after the commission’s Capacity Performance order and just days before the first transition incremental auction, the plain Tariff reading of Attachment DD, section 5.14D(B)(3) is unjust and unreasonable.”
Commissioner Philip Moeller responded in a concurring statement. “While a close reading of PJM’s proposed Tariff provisions indicates that non-generation resources would be excluded from participation in the transition auctions, PJM’s voluminous filing did not make this fact, or its underlying justification, clear to PJM stakeholders or the commission,” Moeller wrote.
“PJM initially represented that its Capacity Performance proposal ‘preserves its current approach’ to demand response participation, in contrast to its more recent position that it intended to limit non-generation resource participation in the transition auction due to the uncertainty surrounding EPSA.”
Clark also said he agreed with PJM’s call for caution in the handling of DR because of the legal uncertainty.
“Rather than proclaiming, ‘damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!’ I would prefer a modest approach whereby we avoid buying ourselves more potential trouble and refrain from actively adding more demand response megawatts into PJM’s capacity construct while it faces an uncertain future and possible disorderly ‘unwinding.’ While the pendency of Order No. 745 is not alone dispositive, it should cause us to proceed more cautiously than we are doing here.”
Two malware campaigns against vendors of industrial control systems have prompted the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to propose the development of a new reliability standard.
FERC issued a notice of proposed rulemaking last week that directs the North American Electric Reliability Corp. to develop critical infrastructure protection (CIP) rules for supply chain management to respond to risks to communication networks and related Bulk Electric System (BES) assets (RM15-14).
“This new type of malware campaign is based on the injection of malware while a product or service remains in the control of the hardware or software vendor, prior to delivery to the customer,” FERC said. The supply chain rules would be part of a revised standard, CIP-006-6 (Physical Security of BES Cyber Systems).
The NOPR seeks comment on that and six other updated CIP standards.
Trojan Horse Viruses
The two malware threats that prompted FERC’s concern are Trojan horse viruses planted in industrial control systems, such as supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and programmable logic controllers (PLCs). One, called Havex, was identified in June by cybersecurity firm F-Secure and was used to conduct espionage against several industrial companies in Europe.
Last fall, the Department of Homeland Security’s Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team (ICS-CERT) issued a warning that a Trojan horse virus dubbed BlackEnergy had been found on Internet-connected human-machine interfaces (HMIs) from vendors including GE Cimplicity, Advantech/Broadwin WebAccess and Siemens WinCC. ICS-CERT also cited public reports of a BlackEnergy campaign against overseas targets that took advantage of vulnerabilities affecting Microsoft Windows and Windows Server 2008 and 2012.
The virus is believed to have been planted as early as 2011 but only activated recently by government-backed hackers in Russia.
Third Time
Highlighting the seriousness of FERC’s concern, Commissioner Cheryl LaFleur noted that the NOPR represented only the third time the commission has ordered NERC to initiate a standard. FERC previously ordered standards addressing geomagnetic disturbances and physical security.
“The work that NERC, the industry and the commission do on cybersecurity must obviously continually evolve to meet the changing nature of the cybersecurity threat, which we all see in the news practically daily,” LaFleur said in a statement. “Understanding the evolving threats and how best to respond to them is of critical importance.”
The NOPR only gave NERC general directions as to what the new standard should include. The commission suggested it could be based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s supply chain risk management controls (SP 800-161). The Department of Energy also has offered guidance on cybersecurity procurement for energy delivery systems.
“It’s too early in the process to say what a standard might say or what the terms of it might be,” FERC Chairman Norman Bay said.
The order is intended to protect against malware and other supply chain risks including counterfeits and tampering or theft of data.
The new standard would only apply to registered entities subject to NERC jurisdiction, not vendors supplying them. “At this time we aren’t seeking some sort of broader statutory authority,” Bay said.
“While the commission’s CIP standards don’t specifically cover … supply chain vendors, there is undoubtedly a gap and vulnerability there that’s been identified now for some period of time that I think all of us take very, very seriously,” Commissioner Tony Clark said. “I suppose the main idea is that we’re trying to ensure that security becomes effectively baked into the cake, as it were, from the ground up in the systems that the electric utilities use.”
The commission asked for comment on the proposed standard, including what would be “a reasonable time frame” for its completion. Comments are due in 60 days from publication of the NOPR in the Federal Register.
Transient Devices
While FERC accepted most of the CIP standards as proposed, the commission ordered NERC to provide additional justification for its rules regarding risks posed by “transient” electronic devices such as USB flash drives and laptops.
The commission said it was concerned about NERC’s decision not to include rules regarding use of transient devices on “low-impact” cyber systems, including low-impact control centers.
“Malware inserted via a USB flash drive at a single low-impact substation could propagate through a network of many substations without encountering a single security control under NERC’s proposal,” FERC said. “In addition, we note that low-impact security controls do not provide for the use of mandatory anti-malware/antivirus protections within the low-impact facilities, heightening the risk that malware or malicious code could propagate through these systems without being detected.”
Nonprogrammable Components
The commission also said it was concerned that NERC’s standards provided limited protection for nonprogrammable components of communication systems, such as cabling.
NERC has proposed physical access restrictions and encryption as protections against physical attacks on nonprogrammable equipment, session hijacking attacks within a BES control center and man-in-the-middle attacks — in which an attacker intercepts and may alter data between two parties who believe they are directly communicating with each other.
But it “does not extend protections to real-time data passing between control centers outside of a facility,” FERC said.
The commission ordered NERC to modify CIP-006-6 to require protection of all communication links and sensitive data communicated between all BES control centers.
Other Standards
The other standards tentatively approved by FERC were: CIP-003-6 (Security Management Controls); CIP-004-6 (Personnel and Training); CIP-007-6 (Systems Security Management); CIP-009-6 (Recovery Plans for BES Cyber Systems); CIP-010-2 (Configuration Change Management and Vulnerability Assessments); and CIP-011-2 (Information Protection).
